SUNFLOWER FAMILY 547 
branchlets, entire, frequently undulate; heads solitary at the ends of the branchlets, ovate, about 
2 cm. long; involucres thinly to mentulose, early glabrescent, the phyllaries nerveless, coriaceous, 
the lowest phyllaries tipped by short, weak, gees tely disposed spines, the middle phyllaries bear- 
ing as stiff, erete, yellow, divergent, ter retical spine 1-2 cm. long and 1 or 2 pairs of ver shor 
lateral spines at the base of the terminal spine, ft innermost phyllaries expande snc nf are 
denticulate or lacerate, obovate appendage, spineless or nearly so; flowers yellow the 
outermost with filiform lobes and inconspicuous; achenes 2.5-3 mm. rte his ating: either ‘blackish 
brown or light brown and mottled, some of the outer without pet or with poorly developed 
pappus het inner with numerous, fine, white pappus-bristles to 3 mm. long. 
hodiisldes, fields, and waste ground about ect very oo and Cainaia from southern Oregon to 
central California at lower betel ng less common rare in Lower California, southern California, northern 
Oregon, and souther aly eastern Washington; peame g te and local in nahe central and eastern United States. Native 
in southern ie rope and the Mediterranean region. June—Nov 
Centaurea sashptes Willd. Enum. Hort. Ber. 930. _ 1808. bh dmg og of California authors. Not L.) 
Stems conspicuously ler a Lower leaves coarsely _pinnately parted or divi By. or the lower and upper leaves 
‘ p pe ie zontal - 
tinged, Lage gel ong the central gee of the middle phyllaries 2-2.5 cm. long, the innermost phyllaries nar- 
rowed toa y acute or slightly spinose tip; flowers sige achenes 5 mm. long with numerous, strongly gradu- 
ated oe pes) fs nity bristles to 1 ps long. Locally stablished near Folsom, Sacramento Geuake, alifornia. 
Nativ: one western part of the eee ee region Was —Jun 
pra ea eriéphor So. (P1916. 1753. Stems urea esrect win Lower leaves pinnately parted or 
divided, the apeebaed entire or dentate, abruptly acute or mucronate; own veer "eek, abou em, high; in- 
volucre conspicuously loosely baal sie He entose, about 2 cm. long, broadly ovate or rou undish, "constricted. at the 
top, the appendages on the phyllaries spreading, yellowish or brownish, pinnately spinose, the spine of the — 
phyllaries 1-2 cm. long, the lateral spines short and stout, 2-4 on each side, the innermost phyllaries i 
a coriaceous acute tip; flowers yellow; pe sei compressed, 4-5 mm. long; pappus of strongly graduated pal 
and bristles, rose to purple and dark brown, 5-8 mm. long. Alon o ranietcies mayan Park, Los Pigs a Cali. 
fornia; perhaps not persisting. Native of the western. part of the. Iectitcrraness re May-Jun 
145. CNICUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 826. 1753. 
Annual herb with leafy stems and alternate, parted lobed or dentate, spinulose leaves. 
Heads medium-sized, sessile or terminating the branches, heterogamous with the outermost 
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hilum lateral, large, deeply excavated. Pappus pee in 2 unlike series of 10 bristles 
eac e outer alternate with the inner and with the teeth on the achene-rim, subrigidly 
setose, subterete ; the inner much shorter, vabewid and a little paleaceous-flattened. [Name 
derived trom) the Greek and applied to the safflower in Latin. 
native of the Mediterranean region and adjacent parts of Asia. 
1. Cnicus benedictus L. Blessed Thistle. Fig. 5951. 
Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. Pl. 826. 1753. 
Plants with erect or spreading, leafy stems, sparsely arachnoid-tomentose and villous as well 
as punctate-glandular; primary stem sometimes lacking or very short with elongate sprawling 
5949. Centaurea melitensis 
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