574 COMPOSITAE 
Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada to Inyo County and the Genexts of southern California and adjacent 
Lower California; also Nevada, southwestern Utah. and lacing estern Arizona. Occurring with S. erigua var 
exrigua, ba hacthy coe “Truckee and Humboldt Valleys,’’ Neva 
St na exigua var. déanei J. F. Macbride, yey Grey Herb. No :22. 1918. (Ptiloria exigua 
var. deane Fr. Machriie Foss Davids. ea smog y; is hn Calif.: 355.1923.) Sle Mii ‘annual, divas ivete-penigciees 
with bracteate _ pecunaies rsisting e than season and becoming intricately branched; m or less 
glandular e lally in the infor leiconet: yeah pee + in the oe intervals of the achenes stro cate grooved 
and little or ot at all tuberculate; pappus- — as in 9 species, often breaking off i ievepudarty gee the base. 
Hill slopes, Sag Diego County, California, and mountains of yer Lower California; naerar ese ve the 
north with the slender nonglandular form of Ky exigua i I a the achenes are slightly rugose and strongly 
grooved, Tene locality : Sweetwater Valley, San Diego Cou 
4 Stephanomeria virgata Benth. Virgate or Tall Stephanomeria. Fig. 5992. 
St ta Benth. Bot. Sulph. 32. 1844. 
paiement ehaie Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 173. 1848. 
Stephanomeria coronaria Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 194. 1885. 
tomentos 886 
en eet, 
Ptiloria canescens Gr iid Pittonia 2+13%, 
eign pleurocarpa Gree e;, loc 
cae Munz, Aliso 4: 100. 1958. 
aceuat Seite.” erect with rigid stems of reaiely branching above, 3-10 dm. high or rarely 
dm. ; erbage u sually Fe ie throughout, in some forms tomentose. Lower leaves oblong o 
spatulate, often sete or shallowly pgs soon deciduous, the upper ones linear and mite ea 
solita i icle s 
with = without an evident ates: meen strongly rugose to nearly smooth; pappus-bristles white, 
ong, copious, a mber, fragile, the plumose hairs usually a little shorter 
ehvlaerd | the base, completely deciduous o or sp ‘base es of the bristles in some forms remaining on the 
achene as an extremely short, mn crow 
Dry hills and alice Transition | and Sonoran Zones; southwestern rogue southward to northern Lower 
California. ng oat San Pedro, Los Angeles Counts: California. Bi ae : 
Future field studie ay prove that some of the synonyms listed under thi * variable taxon mn may hav 
taxonomic status. ieerent aa are sometimes locally recogniz able “but intergrading forms are cocitentiy ge 
be found even in the same re 
; The photograph of the ty *, S. virgata var. virgata from San Pedro shows a plant wit th hy Be irgate- eerste 
inflorescence in which the hemi are subsessile nag fascicled along the stems, a form which is found rather com- 
monly northward along the coast. The enes are angled, slightly incurved, and rugose- tuberdclate, es usually 
dark or mottled. Apparently they are > tne not grooved on the faces between the an ngles as this character 
is not ag ed in the careful original FSi ew 
The of S. elata from Santa Barbara has not bee As interpreted from the original description 
it tideres A "ibe ca virgata complex ba t differs ola the sia form in the ‘ nae ore te in which 
each of the “flower ~~ anches . ar three or four pileb ale ” The blue color gned to the ligules om = 
original description was ev idently not, obtained from field notes but was doubtfully applied to the dried ieee 
by Nuttall. Some specimens are to be found in co Hectiaae frees the Santa Barbara region in which the heads 
are definitely pedunculate in an chiens t panicle rather Lege clustered along the branches of a virgate-panicalate 
inflorescence. The achenes of some of these s apeci mens are pale brown, 5-groo okey po scmemtak ose, all 
are attached he base in ethan of 3 or 4, not plumose to the hase, and break one ather een, 
other tearaeiee, absence of beamed a es angles, is met with sporadically cheokghus the species. Also 
iy areuers® having the short cro athe achene have grooves and low tubercles rather than smooth faces 
on the achen 
Stephanomeria tomentosa, described ie Greene from Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County, is described 
as a stout plant having the inflore escence and achene characters ef S. virgata be vse igs as “‘white hoeseniuer 
throughout when young the i aiarunceolee glabrate.” This type of pubesc pace of soft, er multi- 
cellular, unbranched ea ie is ‘fea in varying abundance in other spec oie tise islands and adja cent 
fe and. oe can even be demonstrated on specimens having the ‘ ‘elata’® type oF alien which are found in 
same 
tiloria mescens, described from Napa Valley, and P. pleurocarpa from Redding, nasa Counts, as_ well 
other roadhg of the complex, occur he hout northern and central Pwitocts and the S ierra Nev a to 
he 
rs quite as often on plants es many heads on virgately disposed branches. Ptiloria sletecuehe 
is distneuianea se from Stephanomertia virgata var. vi poate by pale brown achtn es. 
158. RAFINESQUIA Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 429. 1841. 
amis and slightly ae * peed annuals with fistulose stems and pinnatifid 
lea Heads rather large, with white or rose-tinged flowers. Involucre conic or cylindric, 
with h 7-15 linear acuminate  pylaries, somewhat fleshy at biog with a few 8 shape 
outer ones. Achenes terete, somewhat fusiform, obscurely few-ribbed, uate into 
beak. Pappus white or cet of 8-15 slender bristles, these softly a from the 
base to near the tip. [Name in honor of Consiantine Rafinesque, an American naturalist 
x0. aia eler.] 
A genus of 2 species, natives of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Type species, Rafinesquia 
californica Nutt. 
Rays about 5-8 mm. long; beak of the achene as long as the body: pappus capillary and 1 ical ae straight 
Rays about 15 mm. long: beak of the achene shorter than the body; pappus flattened at base, See se with ‘arach- 
noid hairs, these sometimes lacking at the attenuate tip. 
