586 COMPOSITAE 
a. Ee a dubius Scop. Yellow Salsify. Fig. 6015. 
Jregepogen dubius Scop. FI. Carn. ed..2. 2: 95.. 1772. 
Jacq. FI. hae Belect. Icones 1: 19. pl. 29. 1773. 
“Stet ee om a taproot, 4-8 dm. high, rather bushy, the branches from near the base. Leaves 
linear- scaliontate: 12-15 cm. long, tapering bition from base to apex, racner floccose when young, 
oming glabrous and glaucous; heads many- “fbw ered, the peduncle much inflated below the 
involucre ; phyllaries about 13, about 33 mm. gre ng, aes ceolate to linear- a 5 parents ligules 
pale yellow, shorter than the pha tlaties achenes slender, 25-36 mm. long incl udin the bea k, the 
dy gra eral narrowed to the beak, the outer achenes pale eae the omer i and straw- 
colored; pappus whitish. 
In fields snd waste places in southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho and occurring sporadically — 
ward; also eastward to Kviiets and Texas. It has been collected in Siskiyou, Santa Clara, and San Bernardin 
Counties, California, Native of Europe. May—Sept. 
The recent work on natural hybridization and amphiploidy in Tragopogon (Amer. Journ. Bot. 37: 487-499. 
1950.) Marion Ownbey demonstrates the eee Pf two new amphiploids which oy cya ber — 
hybridization in southeastern Washington and agg col Idaho, where all three previously kno 
The amphiploids are Tragopo “ : mirus Ownbey, Am ourn. Bot, mils 497. 1950 (T. Pe 3th x P crriine 
and 7. miscellus Ownbey, op. . 498, escced from T. pS te xX pratenst. 
165. SCORZONERA L. Sp. Pl. 790. 1753. 
Perennial, rarely annual, herbs. Leaves alternate, usually entire, often grass-like, some- 
times pinnately obed or dissected. Flowering heads on long peduncles, yellow, rose, or lilac. 
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branches slender. Achenes linear, subterete, many-nerved. Pappus-bristles in more than 
series, unequal, serrulate or more or less plumose. [From the old French, meaning 
serpent. 
A genus of about 120 species, natives of the Old World. Type species, Scorzonera humilis L. 
? aoe hispanica L. Black Salsify. Fig. 6016. 
Scorzonera hispanica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.1112. 1763. 
Scorzonera glatifolia Willd. = Pl, 3: 1499. 1804. 
Branching perennial 6-10 dm. high from a fleshy, black- ya tanrtet, the herbage woolly- 
idee cae to nearly glabrous. Le eave s oblong to lanceolate or linear, the margin entire, undulate, 
tapering below to a Rosy loris ae the stem-leaves few, much re eds ced above; peers poser i 
the ends of the branches, the peduncles 15-30 cm. long; involucre urceolate in flow 2. 
long, the ligules yellow; phyllaries few, rs geod d-seriate, hie -acum “id somewhat olly ee 
em ag e the inner; slender, many 
rved, of the ou Y fener’. “ge tied eebertubste: aaaceal bristles | ae cuca length, 1 cm. 
long or Seng ihidiase oe soft hai 
A native of southern and central se which has become established on roadsides and waste places in Napa 
and Mendocino Counties, California. June-July. Viper’s Grass. 
166. HYPOCHOERIS L. Sp. Pl. 810. 1753. 
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cts! to linear, ge constricted above or the outer truncate. koure? * of a peek 
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About 50 species, natives sigs ok the Ee tote R Region, Asia, and South America. Type species, 
Hypochoeris glabra L. 
Annual; heads 4-6 mm. broad; t , not beaked LH: glabra. 
Perennial; heads 20-40 mm. broad; achenes all beaked. 2. H. radicata. 
1. Hypochoeris glabra L. Smooth Cat’s-ear. Fig. 6017. 
Hypochoeris glabra L. Sp. Pl. 811. 1753. 
l, 
mple or often bocyuntiiat sely Srasiched: 1-4 dm. high, giabed ous, bracteate especia ally at 
the | base oF the branches. Leaves spreading on the ground, denticulate to pinnatifid, “oblanceolate to 
oblong-oblanceolate, 2. s etimes cili ar 
panulat, 10-16 mm. long; ligules scarcely exceeding the phyllaries; achenes dark brown, the 
ermost beakless, the wars with slender beaks as lo ong as the body; pappus 1 cm. long. 
a Cale on roadsides, fields, and waste places, Son d Transition Zones; Washington, Oregon, and 
California, also eastern United States and Canada. Waties. = the Old World. March- Sept. 
2. Hypochoeris radicata L. Hairy or Long-rooted Cat’s-ear. Fig. 6018. 
Hypochoerts radicata L. Sp. Pl. 811. 1753. 
Perennial ; stems several, slender, 3-8 dm. high, branched or rarely simple, bracteate. Leaves 
