594 COMPOSITAE 
7. Lactuca muralis (L.) Fresen. Wall Lettuce. Fig. 6032. 
Prenanthes muralis L. Sp. Pl. 797. 
Cicerbita muralis Wallr. Sched. Crit. 436. 22, 
Mycelis muralis Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. a 1830-32, 
Lactuca muralis Fresen. Taschenb. 484. 18 
Slender yan annual or kere stems simple, 4-9 dm. high. Lower stem-leaves thin and 
often vagelich: lyrate- or runcinate-pinnatifid, narrowed below and auriculate-clasping, the ter- 
minal segment broad and angularly lobed, up to 18 cm. long, the upper stem-leaves few, much re- 
duced; sessile and as eee Byrn ited: inflorescence a divaricately branched panicle; involucres 
narrowly cylindric, 9-11 high, 5-flowered, the ligules yellow; phyllaries in 2 series, the 
inner long, the outer fis crop it Me about 4 mm. long, dark brownish or reddish, flattened, 
several-nerved on eac ary the — k pale, Pack shorter than the achene. 
AE n species woods, that has become established on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 
and in laleat a Challe yer Wakianiea: yt New York and Quebec. June—Aug. 
8. Lactuca tartarica subsp. pulchélla (Pursh) Stebbins. Blue Lettuce. Fig. 6033. 
Sonchus pulchellus vai: FI. ony pee 502. 1814. 
Lactuca pulchella DC. Prod. 7: 
Lactuca tartarica subsp. sides Shite, Madrojfio 5: 123. 1939. 
Plants with a deep perennial rootstock, glabrous throughout and somewhat glaucous, the 
stems leafy up to the inflorescence, 5-12 dm. high. Leaves variable, linear to lanceolate or oblong 
enti, dentate, lobed, or pin a the lower sometimes petioled d, the others sessile or som hat 
clasping, 5-20 cm. long; heads in an elongated eens often leafy below ; invo c; 
Sy gh; iy lat ries cael bashed cated” the outer succ apts shorter, ovate-lanceolate, often 
purplish ligules blue or violet, well exserted ; en elied ehince ladeesi sate flat, short- beaked ; pap- 
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Moi und, Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia southward east of the Cascade Motateins through 
eastern Wathinetie and Oregon to boc Oe | hag the hg —_ as a weed in the Bw n Josie Valley; east to 
western Ontario and Kansas. Type loca roe t anks of the Miss ssouri.”’ June 
172. PRENANTHES [Vaill.] L. Sp. Pl. 797. 1753. 
Leafy-stemmed, perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, petioled below and sessile or auricu- 
late-clasping above. Inflorescence thyrsoid or ee culate, the flowers drooping. Involucres 
cylindric and usually narrow, 7~-15-flowered, the phyllaries in 1 o seri Receptacle 
naked. Ligules white shades of pink or Pirie or yellowi h. Style-branches slender. 
Achenes beg = kag ni or terete, ia e; Bye us COpLONE, white or reddish brown, 
A genus of 27 species or less, natives Ea sea Europe and ga North America, and the Mediterranean 
Basin. Type species, Prenanthes purpure 
1. Prenanthes alata (Hook.) D. Dietr. Western Rattlesnake-root. Fig. 6034. 
Sonchus hastatus Less. seaenee 65 99. 1831 
Nabalus alatus Hook. FI. B nee . 294. os 102. 1833. 
Prenanthes alata D. Dietr. Pat Pi. 
evens mines Rosas aM. E, wee , Bu : fe all Biol. Ser. No. 15: 47. 1910. Not Thunb. 1784. 
git Hul én, Fi. Aleut. Isl. 335. 1947. 
Perennial herbs si ori I Sogpoe ero — 8 or somewhat branched above, 3-6 dm 
high, glabrous or nearly so below Toes Lower and middle leaves 5-12 cm. long, paler 
below than above, deltoid to rary apraton ietenanke ee ee ae arply aaa irregularly ent 
t tiolar base, the upper scarcely narrowed bel nd shorter than the lower ; 
heads 10-15-flowered, the ligules purplish, loosely and so hat paniculately cory ; 
peduncles tomentose ; lucre narrowly campanulate, about 12 mm. high, the phyllaries linear, 
becoming glabrate, the calyculate bractlets very small ; oepen es about 5 mm. long, finely striate 
po pts the ribs ; pappus- bristles capillary, ra gins brow ish. 
ich soil in ele Humid Transition — dian “Zones Alaska eure along the Pacific 
Pity oy ‘Daten: and Hood River Counties, Oreg ae ocality: Fort Vancouver, Washington. Col- 
lected by Scouler, June— 
173. HIERACIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 799. 1753. 
Perennial herbs, the stems scapiform or leafy, arising from a branched caudex, stout 
rhizome, or from slender stolons. Leaves entire or toothed in most of ours, more abundant 
b 
ew- to ma oO 
yellow, white, or orange-red ligules. In calcite cyli indri or campanulate; phyllaries in 
2 or 3 series, often obscurely imbricate. Receptacle flat, mete naked. Achenes truncate, 
striate; pappus a single row of white or tawny, capillary bristles. [From the Greek, mean- 
ing hawk. 4 
