APPENDIX 
KEY TO FAMILIES DESCRIBED IN 
VOLUMES I- 
(Characters used apply to genera and species of the Pacific States) 
Plants without true Someens or seeds, reproducing by spores. 
Plants with t fl 
Ovules and seeds naked on surface of scale; stigmas none 
‘ ivi Gymnospermae. 
Ovules and seeds enclosed in a pees (ovary); stigmas present. Subdivision Angiospermae. 
Floral parts usually 3 or 6 (sometimes greatly modified or reduced); leaf-veins typically parallel longi- 
tudinally rpc Trilliu um and Smilax); vascular bundles scattered. 
Class Mo nocotyledoneae. 
Floral pete ae og ha usually in multiples of 4 or 5 (so greatly reduced or modified); leaf- 
any. vided palmately or pinnately Reliny Plantago spp. a pthete): ’ Sanouiar bundles 
Class Dicotyledoneae. 
Bray grate or lacking, or calyx as well as corolla tacking: 
oh 
Archichlamydeae). 
Suibsinad Sra tet lle Gaetan, 
Petals fused and deciduous as a unit. 
Pteridophyta 
Stems not pC a not with siliceous areas; leaves not fewochot! and not fused d the st 
Spores enclosed in a stalked s 
sporoca 
AEE becoming Scesaal, with either fiiforss or clover-like leaves; a g firm 
. Marsileaceae oF “ 
. Salviniaceae 1: 
one-like taser: or Genie stant or on rh underside of the poles 
nute ae eaves with scale-like leaves; 
Sasa | in spora eaf- a a inc 
spores ahilee or ieee 
Plants with oe ae elongate leaves from a corm-like base; sporangia borne in cavities at the bases 
of the rg 5. Isoetaceae 1: 35. 
Plants pote BE 
Lea a ake in relation to the stem (rhizome), much d chp or at least pinnatisect (entire in Ophio- 
Fine sum); sporangia marginal or on undersurfac of fronds. 
Expanding leaves circinate; rhizome with scales or Aka. often branched. 
Polypodiac 55 
xpanding leaves erect or bent; rhizome short, glabro oCieksaaionennca ae 
Leaves owed he) Legretey | closely covering the usually sasaead stems; sporangia in the axils of the 
lea 
All spores ae: i copodiaceae 1: 43. 
pores of two Par (microspores and vont reconapitie 8. ‘Selaginellaces 1: 46. 
Stems jointed, the internodes rossbands; | ee ey 2 A th 
6. ees 1: 38, 
Spermatophyta 
Gymnospermae 
Stems not se: leaves green, linear or needle-like or, when sea like, per ages and persisten 
Seeds borne singly, drupe-like or subtended by a red aril; plants dioe . Taxaceae 1: 50. 
Seeds in a cone of rate al woody scales or the scales ES dia ‘peers -like in Tintbores and Sabina; 
plants monoecio 
Cone-scales  spir rally. Saige leaves needle-like or uaen (decurrent and awl-shaped in Sequoia 
gigantea), s and spirally arranged on the or in clusters 6! 2-5. 
Pollen-sacs Mey ov ard $2 3 on each scale; hed witha shavicge t wing. . Pinaceae 1: 52. 
Pollen-sacs and ovules ati on each scale; seeds wingless or merely wing- marge vie 
‘ax ceae 
s and cone-scales opposite or in whorls of 3, the leaves scale-like. e pesca ag a2 70. 
Stems Best) thats paired or ternate, a thin dry scales; plants of desert areas. 5. Ephedraceae 1: 77. 
Angiospermae 
Monocotyledoneae 
Plants strictly aquatic, either floating or submersed, not mereiy caenseatee in mud as the water recedes. 
Minute, floating. thall lil i lant t diff i d lea 
th Lemnaceae 1: 346. 
Plants not minute, differentiated into leaves and sens, 
Perianth absent or greatly modified ( d te fl f Potamogeton). 
Flowers a spree , heads, or nmlcls, the ‘inflorescence more or less pedunculate or enclosed in a 
pat 
* Petals fused at the base = some distally in Fumariaceae, Fabaceae, Krameriaceae, Ovxalidaceae, Poly- 
galaceae, ype naceae, Mr alvaceae. 
t Calyx ges in® senate; corolla in Glaux (Primulaceae) and Allotropa ( Monotropaceae); corolla with 
free or nearly free segments in some genera of Monotropaceac, Pyrolaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Oleaceae, Gen- 
tianaceae, roa spp. in Cucurbitaceae 
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