. 
174 
commerce was then thought to be produced by another species, P. 
aromatica, which even Morren states that he sought for in vain in the 
gardens of London and its environs, and at Kew, and wrongly supposes 
it to be the plant cultivated by Miller in 1739. Morren is also wrong in 
‘stating that the ** Vanilla planifolia (?) ” of Lindley's Herbarium is *the 
very same plant drawn in flower by Mr. Francis Bauer," for it came 
from a Botanic Garden near Moscow, as the ticket * ex horto Gor 
kensi " proves. 
To Professor Charles vage. of Liége, belongs the eredit of first 
producing fruits in E and os —— that V. planifolia was the 
source of the true vanilla of commerce. By a particular method of 
treatment adopted he suc coded 1 in a obiti 54 flowers on one plant, 
and these he fertilised artificially, and obtained the same number of 
ds. The following year a crop of about 100 pods was obtained from 
another plant by the same method. His paper, “ On the production of 
in Europe," was read before the British Association at New- 
ensidé, 1 in 1838, + published in the following year (Ann. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 1, IIL, pp. 1-9). He also succeeded in tracing his plant back to 
the one which originally flowered in the collection of the Right Hon. 
and also its introduction to Java, as has been already pointed out. 
. Thus Manis first proved the necessity of artificial erus and he 
abse 
attributed its not bearing fruit in the East Indies to the of the 
‘species of insect which doubtless existed in Mexi "ease and ine: fertilised 
the flowers. He also suggested that illa might be produced in inter- 
N P ake 
mention of it. In 1845 Blanco described a species of Vanilla from the 
ie epit which he had received from his friend Azaola under the 
e of V. majaijensis (Fl. Filip., ed. 2, p. 593), but it has since been 
dMiuncd to V. planifolia, and thus, if the determination is correct, it 
may have been at some time introduced from Mexico by the Spaniards, 
Blanco rearen S pod as not aromatic, but it may not have been 
a when he received it 
1872 M. Deltiel published an account of the cultivation of vanilla 
in Réunion: me showed oe although several different species had been 
introduced, only one cuitiv: ated on vo dene of its fruit was V. 
erce, In 1 
an object 
A year later, a mersa was introduced from the Philippines by M. 
'"Perrotet, with a more slender and more aromatic fruit, but is said to 
have soon afterwards perished. "Two years later M. Marchant obtained 
plants from Paris, and to this third introduction the present industry in 
Réunion owes its origin. Judging by the history of the vanilla grown 
on the arie se this period it is pretty certain that the plants 
‘thus in m France were originally derived from the one = 
 :eollection of the "Right Hon, C. Greville, whose history 
. given The Philippine plant alluded to may have been the one 
€ by Blanco, which has since been referred to V. planifolia. 
1 Y l LJ . 
in 
"until a slave named Edward Albius, about 1841 or 1842, discovered a 
sais ‘simple and rapid method of fertilising the flowers artificially, which has 
practised that in Mexico and Guiana 
ince, He 
fertilisation is effected by small bees, belonging to several species of 
ie genus TAN which visit the flowers for the inary they afford. 
