269 
reasonable time. ‘This chiefly goes to the States and Russia. All small 
or damaged fruit, which must not be left on the nee is collecte 
used for 1 making essence from the peel, and con juice from the 
p The custom is to cale alato 104 kilos. of this inferior fruit as 
equivalent to 1000 lemons, and charge 30 per cent. less than for the 
good box fruits 
EXTRACTING ESSENCE AND LEMON JUICE. 
It costs about ls. 4d. to extract the essence of 1000 lemons, and m 
to make a cask of lemon-juice, Rigs: ves cost of cask, and labou 
all inferior fruit, that gathered in November is considered the best 
for the making of essence and line jules. because it contains more 
valuable properties, yielding 50 per cent. more than that of other months. 
1000 of these give about 16 ozs. of essence, and 35 litres of raw lemon- | 
juice, wbich after concentration to the "normal standard of 64 ozs. of 
citric acid per imperial gallon is reduced to 34 litres. On a well culti- 
vated plantation results show that seven- eighths of November fruit is 
c 
The fruit gathered in December is considered inferior, as oni e- 
eighths is fit for exportation, and three-eighths go for making e e 
and — It is packed in small cases for the States, Southern 
ery cases of November fruit. Also the per-centage of essence is about 
15 ozs. less per 1000, «nd the juice about 14 litres more. After the 
juice is expressed the residue is given to the goats. 
The January fruit, again, is inferior to that of December, 2: three- 
eighths being fit for packing ; the rest is used for juice and essence, This 
d 18 p ases Such as is fit for exportation is packed. dn 
ox e f December; that which is not is cu 
pickled i in Fares with salt, and then exported. Each cask contains about 
February’s s fruit is the last of the season; it is also called the “ old 
because the remains of previous gatheri rings. Nothing is now left 
on the tree except the green fruit of the August blossom. Of this crop 
only two-eighths can be packed for shipment, which on arrival have to 
2e at Ferne as they will not keep. e remainder are used for 
42 litres of raw lemon-juice. 
Extra Crops. 
The gems extraordinary erops depend upon the mode of cultiva- 
tion, and climatic jose Irrigation also enters largely in 
bringing it bed Ifa tree be deprived of irrigation during the hot 
months “of d uly and August and then abundantly watered in ae 
a spurt is put on producing an extraordinar id pues of blossom. whic a 
results in the valuable May crop. This cannot be done ev ery feat 
the tree suffers from the privation sided o. and subsequent fruit di 
retarded in its development. Yet when the demand for May fruit is 
great, and prices range from 30s. to 40s. per 1000, it is done, as these 
prices APP qe for any loss in Septeraber and October. 
he March crop, known as ** bianeuzzi," and which is the result of 
the August blossoming, is the least valuable, for it will not stand a long 
voyage. It is sent to Trieste in small cases. either does it yield 
essence nor juice. Prices Vents ad about 40 per cent. less than those 
obtained for good lemons 
