45 
Tt was early found in the history of this Phylloxera се most of the 
cultivated varieties of American grape-vines, as also the wild species, 
resisted, or were little subject to, the attacks of the root fott (radicicola) 
of the Phylloxera, although the leaf gall form — ste ogg in point 
of чай does little if any permanent damage, occurs in greater numbers 
of our wild and cultivated sorts than on the рый 
vines, wish are all derived from the single Eee Vitis vinifera, and 
which are so exceedin ngly subject to the attacks of the root form. This 
i b 
more extended scale by my earlier MM ns in the United States. 
The use of American stocks upon which to cultivate the susceptible 
European varieties has resulted in an кериб trade in certain Ameri- 
can seeds and cuttings, and now supersedes all other methods against 
the insect. 
as my privilege and pleasure to spend a week in August 1889 
among ces world-renowned Médoc and Sauterne vineyards of the Bor- 
deaux district in France. Her ere, by virtue of the rich alluvial soil and 
the ease with which the chief vineyards can be submerged, the Phyllox- 
era Fàs made slower headway, and the opposition to the use of American 
aee stocks has been greatest. Yet they have finally vanquished 
prejudice and are, either from necessity or choice, rapidly coming into 
general п use. en I say choice, I mean that even where the 
vines yet do well and the Phylloxera is kept in subjection by other 
means, it is found that great vigour of growth and i — in heal ome 
ness and yield of fruit result at once from the use of Ame 
piis ose going into a lengthy discussion of the subject of wild hone’ 
can species, those of practical mtem to the grape-grower are the 
following: Vitis тет V. riparia, and V. labrusca. 
The varieties derived from V. атут are of value for their fruit as 
well as for T ET е and, being easily propagated from 
ae they a ery often used in France as stocks. 
The most 
mportant зе, аге Jacquez, Herbemont, Black July, and Cunning- 
am. 
The varieties of Vitis riparia, both wild and cultivated, are, on 
account of their special fitness, almost exclusively employed in France 
as resistant ма, for whieh they easily take first rank. The varieties 
usec , first, wild forms ; and, second, the cultivated varieties 
Solonis, Clinton, апа 1 Taylor. Of the cultivated varieties, the Clinton 
abov 
іди for any other r purpose on account of i acidity of its grapes. 
In California, the Lenoir, Herbemont, and Elvira have been used, but 
late айк Frane shows that the wild Riparia is on satisfactory there, 
as it is in 
The different varieties of Vitis labrusca are less resistant to the 
i ge than those above mentioned. Certain varieties have, how- 
r, been ee successfully in France, and of ыш се Concord has 
di much the best results; but others, Isabella and Catawba for 
example, s тачна ud to the root-louse, as indeed they do in many 
sections of this 
Of the many wanani hybrids obtained from the American species of 
Vitis which are serviceable as stocks, the more important are the 
Elvira, Noah, and Viala. The last named, perhaps of all the resistant 
varieties, gives the greatest per-centage of successful grafts, and is 
geom adapted for grafting on cuttings. 
