27 
destitute of any poisonous effect on animals; he also gives Celebes as 2 
locality for the innocuous plant, Other botanists have not, howev 
found themselves able to attach much weight to the distinctive анна, 
pointed out by Blume, and there сап be no doubt that what ——— 
principally in = мой was its remarkable difference in the erties 
of the two form ‚ however, made by botanists on a 
tural feair phological 7 аныл, and not on physiological. In the same 
species of Cinchona it is now known that there are the widest differences 
in the amount and even nature of s alkaloids which can be extracted 
from the T€ An equally striking, and even better known instance of 
difference in properties, pee cane oa by any difference in external 
битись, і is afforded by two well-known British umbelliferous plants, 
Gnanthe crocata and Cicuta virosa, which Sir R. Christison found to 
be innocuous when grown near Edinburgh. 
Kurz in his Forest Flora of Burma (vol. ii., p. 462), followed „4 Sir 
Joseph Hooker (Flora of British India, vol. v. pp. 537, 538), have 
combined the poisonous and innocuous forms under the older species 
. Antiaris toxicaria 
Brandisin his Forest Flora of North West and Central India has iden- 
tified with Antiaris innoxia the Antiaris saceidora of South West Indi 
the western ghats, and the hills between them and the coast.” 
sare made of the thick woolly fibrous inner bark. The method is 
thus described by Graham :—** A branch is cut corresponding to the 
* length and diameter of the sack wanted, soaked a little, and then 
* beaten with clubs till the fibre separates from the wood. This done, 
* the sack formed of the bark is turned inside out, and упай um 
may be taken for eed. “that a bark which receives this ра of 
manipulation must be free from poisonous properties. 
identification with one and the same — of trees from widely 
distant localities, which have always been supposed to be distinct, is one 
of the uses of a large herbarium, Specimens of each can be readil ily 
brought under the eye at the same time for comparison. 
i remarks (le. p. 427) :— Another species of the same genus 
ж Tenkasen (Myah seik, Burm.), the juice is used by the Karens to 
* poison arrows, but the poison does not seem equal in its effects to that 
2 a the famous Upas tree of the Indian Archipelago.” Nothing more 
ms known of the tree which yields the x arrow poison, but it is 
vie probably referable to Antiaris tovica And Gamble (Manual 
of Indian Timbers, p. 332) refers the неде name Myah seik to that 
species. 
The facts as they stand present a rather curious puzzle. There can 
be Е ae msr in Java the Upas tree furnishes a very effective arrow 
poiso may be inferred that its use originated in Java v ‘some of 
the other Malay. islands. Finding the same tree on the mainland the 
Malays used its juice. But they must have long since compet that 
о Т thentic specimens of Ipoh poison from the , Malay 
ети Antiarin 
The following T E gives the official history of the matter 
and the experiments in detail. 
U 65653.  875.—9[91. Wt 1. E.&S8. A2 
