26 
their arrows. It is extracted by exhausting the upas with boilin 
alcohol, es to dryness after the antiar-resin (which is да sce 
has de posited, t renting the extract with water, and evaporating to a 
syrup; the үм ate then takes the form of scales, hic are puri rified Y 
re-erystallisation n. It is without odour, sc de ка 5 C. in 251 
р 
is neutral to М papers. It likewise аат іп dilute seid When 
dried at ordinary em ak e it жине 13:4 per cent. of water of 
crystallisation, which it gives off at 112? C. It melts at 220° C. into à 
colourless liquid, which assumes a Exe aspect on cooling, and at a 
higher ternperature turns brown, and exhales acid vapours. Dehydrated 
antiarin contains C14H20O5 Du we p. с. С, and 7:45 Н.). Sulphuric 
i 
dieit: - res afterwards dentis ; its poisonous action is remarkab к> 
accelerated Ъ mixture with a soluble substance, such as sugar. 
(Mulder, Ann. Ch. Pharm. xxviii. 304.) ’ 
It has long been known that a precisely similar use of apes blow- 
pipe arrows "obtains in the alay peninsula. nd the tree which 
furnishes the material with which the arrows are tipped has been 
generally regarded as identical with Antiaris toxicaria. Half a century 
acea, and remarks on the la EC in the Kew Herbarium, 
* the small-leaved Epoo or J Е poison ué arsenic is said to be 
: © mixed with the milk А otherwise . . . ‘said to be inert.” 
In 1881, Sir Cecil Smith, n 10W cM e but then Colonial Secretar 
of the Straits Settlements, comm icated to Kew a bottle of Ipoh 
poison as well as foliage speci ens y the x ee from which it was ob- 
tained. These were collected by Sir Hugh Low, then British "Resident 
in Perak, at the Plus river, The poison was EY aware’ to a very 
careful examination by Dr. Sidney Ringer, rofessor of Clini- 
cal Medieine at University College, who ранай ‘that it pars perfectly 
"The lant seemed identical with баі Selen by башы, and both 
were identified at Kew with the Javanese Antiaris toxicaria. Sir 
enin Hooker in the Flora of British India adopted the same con- 
chusi 
br 1 889 the Straits Government sent to Kew further specimens of 
Ipoh Tees , which were again examined by Dr. Ringer with entirely 
pi ем ults, 
eda were not, however, unprepared for this result. The 
Datch 1 botanist Blume in his fine work J?wmphia has given an 
elaborate account of the Javanese Upas and of the tree which yields 
it (pp. 46-59, tt. 22, 23). But he points out that Rumphius, our 
earliest authority on Д Malayan botany, distinguished two kinds of Upas 
trees, which he termed Arbor toxicaria femina and mas respectively. 
The words emale when applied to plants in the East have no 
special meaning, and are little more than fanciful terms of discrimina- 
tion. Rumphius’s femina was destitute of any spel ти апа 
Blume has described it as a distinct species under the of Antiaris 
innoxia (Rumphia, рр. 171-173, t. 54). Не recei E paia both 
from the is land of Timor where Spanoghe* found that the sap was 
* Spanoghe’s ме rin the — Upas of Timor is — 
that of Leschenauet t kind in Hooker's Companion to aes Tened 
Magazine, vol. i., pp. Ам 
