80 
says:—“It is much stronger than ordinary tobacco, and cannot be 
* smoked in the usual way, therefore it is exclusively used for the 
ili... 
the distriet of Smyrna, but much is also re-exported to Egypt and 
other parts of Turkey. It is imported from Persia, both through 
Trebizond and Bushire on the Persian 
Mr. J. B. Fraser, in his work on Persia (1826), remarks, “The 
* tobacco smoked in the kalian is called tumbaku in distinction to tootoon, 
* or that smoked in pipes or cigarettes. It is sold in the leaf, which is 
* packed dry in layers, and is preserved in bags sewn up in raw -— 
* It improves by age, but is quite unsmokable the first year. The bes 
* comes from Jaroum, south о 
In an interesting article in “ hanes s Magazine” (January, ш 
р. 224) on the * Domestic aad Court Customs of Persia," the wr 
remarks concerning tumbeki: * The kalián or water-pipe ‘differs om 
* the Turkish narghileh by Penso ashort straight stem. In itis smoked 
“ the tobacco called tumbakee—a species grown "wi in Manes That 
* of Shiraz is very delicate in flavour and is the The tumbakee 
“ must be first soaked in water and squeezed liked + а oit or S^ will 
* eause vertigo. А live coal, made from the root of the vine, is placed 
* on the tobacco, and the smoke is drawn through the water with a 
gentle inhaling, depositing the oil in its passage through the water.” 
The leaves of tumbeki which I have received from Trebizond and 
Constantinople both metes with JN. persica in hc. but not 
with М. rustica, since they have no trace of а рено o far as it is 
possible to ascertain, therefore, 1 in the absence of РТА the met of 
evidence is in favour of tumbeki being the produce of JN. persica." 
A sample of Shiraz tumbeki was submitted to chemical examination 
by Messrs. Ernest J. Eastes and Walter H. Ince (Pharm. Journ., l.c; 
p. 683), with "€ eiiis results :— 
Nico - «s 5885 
miren t P - 8:855 
Saccharoid ee after "Pb азайа - 8:49 
Soluble in water - - - 55.6 
Insoluble in water - - - 44:4 
Ash 1% ы > - - 2615 
The following further account appeared in the Journal of the Society 
of Arts for August 9, 1889, p. 744. 
PRODUCTION or PERSIAN TOMBAK. 
“This narcotic, which is known under the name of Nicotiana persica, 
is cultivated in Persia exclusively, in the provinces of Chiraz , Kechan, 
= Ispahan. Its quality varies with the place of production. The 
t tombak is that which is derived from Chiraz. The production 
m 
Journal de la Chambre de Commerce de Constantinople says that 
tombak of this superior quality is not very abundant, and the price paid 
for it-is about fifty or sixty francs the oke, the oke being equivalent to 
28.108, avoirdupois. The province of Kechan produces the second 
€ of Persian tombak. With small leaves like the Chiraz tombak, 
product of Kechan is not even so abundant. The province of 
prm is the centre of the product for exportation, Its cultivation is 
