261 
>. The sap having been collected from the trees, a spatula-shaped piece 
ood was taken and heated over a clear wood fire, and a small 
quantity of the sap poured on it and-spread out with another but smaller 
wooden spatula, and held over the fire till nearly dry, and the process 
repeated till all the sap was evaporated. There remained on the spatula 
a dark brown gummy substance, on which the points of the arrows 
were rubbed three times, being dried over the fire between each applica- 
tion of the poison. kase simple pepan completed ће preparation 
the poison; but as there are sometimes other things mixed with. the 
Ipoh, I shall return e this part of the subject again. 
The sap, which 1 found to be bitter and biting in taste and decidedly 
acid to test t paper, on exposure to the air quiekly darkens to a brown 
colour, and it yields when dried on a water-bath 29 per cent. a solid 
Ipoh. This substance, if put thinly оп га slip of glass and examined: by 
a microscope, is seen to contain numerous crystals of antiarin. 
A portion of the sap was mixed while fresh with its bulk of spirits of 
wine, to prevent its decomposition, and corked up, samples of which 
are forwarded to the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, with this 
spatula, marked No. as well as leaves of a young Ipoh tree, marked 
N ese latter are decidedly pubescent, while those from the large 
tree are glabrous. There were neither fruit nor flowers on the trees, 
but I sent to Kew fruiting specimens of the Ipoh in 1883, which were 
pronounced by the present Director of the Gardens to be identical with 
the J dem specimens of Antiaris toxicaria in the Kew Herbarium. 
also much scored, showing that its sap had been collected by the 
igi im f this ree were also communicated 
G x at the Botanieal Gardens, Caleutta, who identified it as 
no. 
It may be mentioned in reference to the two kinds of Upas dis- 
tinguished by Blume as — toxicaria id aset and mas, that the latter 
word, which is Malay, means “ gold ” not ‘ male” as inferred in 
variet 
bark is blackish coloured, and it is м the Аки of iwi inner bark 
they distinguish the poisonous from the vir erigi tree 
the sap collected in Ulu Selama, I hav o separated the 
poisonous principle antiarin, a small tu з of which containing 4°6 
grains, being the amount obtained from one fluid ounce of the sap, 
accompanies ‘the other specimens (No. 21). 
The process 1 employed to isolate the alkaloid was that quoted from 
Watt’s Dictionary of nne d in the paper on Ipoh in the Kew 
Bulletin, and is briefly as follo | 
Evaporate to dryness on a pote bath the mixed sap and spirits of 
wine, add water, heat, filter, wash filter with hot water, evaporate 
filtrate and washings to a pens and allow the antiarin to crystallize ; 
purify by re-erystallizatio Nu. 
The antiarin aiiis as aa mapa shaped crystals, "AY. of 
m | um 
resinous siens on long exposure to the air. One fluid ounce of 
17:5 wu of antiar-resin, a small sample of which is 
шые ; 
