138 MfDDLEMISS : THE GEOLOG? <>F IDAlt STATE. 



comparatively small thickness exposed, so that we are unable to 

 rely on any paleeontological evidence in support of this. Whatever 

 its exact age, it is significant that it constitutes the sole represen- 

 tative in the State of any of the stratigraphical systems from Cam- 

 brian to Recent, with the exception of the Deecan Trap and Laterite, 

 which however are only found marginally in the State. 



As the name implies, this formation is well exposed at Ahmed- 



nagar (Himatnagar), the present capital of 



Distribution. Idar g^ and especial ] y in the Hathmati 



river section in the neighbourhood of the town (see PI. 7, fig. 1). It 

 is also seen in a few outcrops a mile or two north of the town and 

 appearing above the alluvium as rough, low hillocks, and in the 

 Sabarmati river-bed along a stretch of several miles near Kklara 

 where Idar State marches with Baroda, and where the rock forms 

 a pavement and undercliff below the Recent river deposits. 



Its most characteristic occurrences, however, lie to the east 

 of Ahmednagar in a series of slightly elevated plateaux with well- 

 marked, steep, scarped edges. They lie with a pronounced un- 

 conformity either on Idar granite, as at Ghorvada, Berna ami 

 Wantra, on the Delhi Quartzite, as at Pedhmala, or on the Araval- 

 lis as at Bodi. From the little capping of this sandstone on the 

 summit of Ghorvada hill, height 832 feet, to the similar but broader 

 capping on the Berna hill, height G95 feet, we may deduce a drop 

 of 137 feet in 3| miles horizontal distance, that is 1 in 12-"), which 

 is the equivalent of a dip of 0*27'. 



Owing to the same dip in the Berna plateau the southern portion 

 of this little table-land levels out near Agiol towards the alluvium 

 in that direction and, in the neighbouring Wamoj-Dhundhar plateau, 

 finally sinks under the alluvium. The general appearance of these 

 little capping outliers of the younger rock series is shown in the 

 sketches (see text figs. 23, 21). 



Owing to the slight amount of the dip angle, and the disconnected 



exposures, no serial sections can be given 



Lithological varieties, gjnelttrtuig any varying lithology of it as a 



whole. All that it is possible to do is to mention a few varieties 



such as are locally found. 



The prevailing rock is a sandstone, whose colours are white with 



pinkish shades and streaks, and with occa- 



Sandstone : colour s j ona j ferruginous concretions as large as a 



hen's egg. The lower portion near the base 



