140 MTDDLOIISK: Till'. GEOLOGI OF IDAli BTATE. 



In some places the siliceous cement lias given rise to a glassy 

 quartzite or quartzitic sandstone or congln- 

 Quart/.ito or quart/- merato> as nort ] 1 f Ahmednagar, at (Ihora- 

 ltic sandstone. 



vada, u antra and Berna hills. 

 Thin sections of these rocks all show the more or less rounded 

 grains of quartz to be entirely distinct (12523 PI. 16, fig. 6). Even the 

 most glassy and hardened kinds never show anything resembling the 

 completely recrystallised interlocking qnartz areas which arc so charac- 

 teristic of the Delhi Quartzite. The bedding is always quite distinct. 

 With the sandstone runs arc many shaly layers and others of mottled 

 pink and white calcareous clay or lithomarge. 

 Shales, lithomarge Strin , rs aU(i veills ()f calcitc ' nm thron-h it, 

 and kaolin. n n 



as at Katwar, 3 miles S.W. of Ahmednagar. 

 Layers of kaolin are found locally, especially in the Sabarmato 

 river sections at Eklara (which are coincident with the Baroda 

 kaolin deposits) 1 at the base of the section where it rests on the 

 Idar granite. 



Similar layers appear under the sandstone or quartzitic sandstone 

 at Wantra hill. It would appear that the kaolin produced by the 

 surface alteration of the granite has been preserved in these localities 

 from removal by the capping of hard standstone. 



At Eklara the river banks are 100 feet high, with the kaolin 

 in horizontal beds, associated with pink and yellow clays, sandstone 

 and conglomerate. Along with the kaolin are large grains and 

 rounded lumps of quartz (also derived from the disintegration 

 of the granite). The following characteristic sections (text figs. 25, 26 

 and 27) may be seen down the Sabarmati river south of Eklara. Some 

 of the shales here are brilliantly and pleasingly coloured in shades 

 of white, cream, yellow, lilac, pink, inky purple, brownish red and 

 dark brown. The northern limit of this series (as far as one can 

 say of a horizontal formation) in the river-bed is at Deria village 

 on the right bank. 



Limonite occurs among the shales and conglomerates or gritty 

 lavers at several places. Locallv, as seen near 



Limonite. . , , , , ' . , 



the palace at Ahmednagar, small pockets and 



lumps of it have been formed In a bright yellow sandstone matrix, 

 where it possesses a rectangular arrangement of the fibres resembling 

 the twin lamella) of microcline or as if replacing woody fibre (speci- 

 men No. ^jfj). Examined by my colleague Mr. Tipper in the 



1 See Sambasiva Iyer : Sketch of the Mineral Resources of the Baroda State, p. 1. 



