ALLUVIUM AND SURFACE DEPOSITS. 145 



etc., and of a patchy white and creamy yellow colour. This passes 



up into an ordinary kankar layer in alluvium and then follows 



ordinary alluvium with the thicknesses as shown in the section. 



The kankar at the base of the alluvium is being quarried at 



Berna and similar kankar pits are frequently 



Kankar quarries. , 1 T , 1 at 1 



seen at other places as at Jamla and Malasa. 

 The soft white powdery carbonate of lime is also seen at Jamla. 

 The main river-beds and the torrent beds higher up among 



the hills are naturally filled with gravel and 



torrent boulders of the usual kind found in 

 countries subject to torrential rain-fall that has a very limited 

 period of duration. Along the bigger rivers these not only 

 are found as a very recent filling of the actual channel, but are also 

 intercalated with the typical alluvium of clay, kankar, etc. None 

 of these gravels and coarse sands were found in any part of the 

 State to carry any gold, although I tested them frequently, the 

 chief heavy concentrate always consisting of magnetite, ilmenite, 

 diopsidc and garnet. A very few grains of monazite were detected 

 in one sample by my colleague Mr. Tipper. 



Although no miliolitc of the nature of Porbander stone has been 



discovered as yet in Idar State, foraminifera 



Foraminiferal sands. . , , . ■, ^ 



have been detected in the Kecent river accu- 

 mulations along the Sabarmati river, showing that their minute 

 tests must have been blown inland as far as this. 



ECONOMIC MINERALS. 



During the descriptive part of this memoir, certain minerals 

 of economic, or possibly economic, importance, 



A concise tabular j fe referred to in more or less detail 



statement. . . . . 



as their mention arose in connection with the 



general geological account of the area. It Avill be well to present 

 here a list of all these together, as a concise statement for the purpose 

 of easy reference ; and in addition to add somewhat to the de- 

 scriptions of a few that seem to possess special points of interest, 

 either because of their large development or their intrinsic import- 

 ance. The list is arranged alphabetically. 



It may be remarked that no metalliferous mineral veins of any 

 degree of importance are known with certainty to occur in Idar 

 State. All the better developed mineral occurrences belong to 



