iron. 297 



Sp. 5. Red Iron Ore. Pl. XLT. fig. 4 - 5. — Rother Eisen- 

 stein, Werner. — The principal varieties of this ore are, compact 

 red iron-ore, fibrous red iron-ore, scaly red iron-ore, and ochry 

 red iron-ore. The Compact Red Iron- Ore occurs most commonly 

 massive, sometimes disseminated, specular, with impressions, and 

 in suppositious crystals. Its colour is between dark steel-grey and 

 blood-red. Its fracture is uneven ; and the lustre is shining or 

 glimmering. It yields to the knife. According to Bucholz, it 

 contains, oxide of iron 70'5, oxygen 29*5 = 100. Fibrous Red 

 Iron-Ore, ox Red Hematite, occurs with the preceding, in globular, 

 tuberose, or reniform masses, also cylindrical, corraloidal, and in 

 distinct concretions. Its colour is brownish -red ; the lustre is 

 intermediate between pearly and resinous. The structure is fibrous 

 in one direction, and curved ly lamellar in the other. Scaly Red 

 Iron-Ore occurs in loose scaly particles of a reddish-brown colour, 

 which feel unctuous to the touch, and stain the fingers. In 

 England, all these varieties are found at Ulverston, in Lancashire; 

 and afford excellent malleable and cast-iron. 



Sp.d. Brown Iron-Ore. Pl.XLI. fig. G. — Braun Eisenstein, 

 Werner ; Prismatisches Eisen-erz, Moks. — This ore occurs com- 

 pact, fibrous, scaly, earthy, and also crystalized. It differs from 

 the preceding species in the colour of its powder, which is of a 

 blackish-brown colour. It is found in beds, or masses, sometimes 

 of great magnitude j and affords excellent bar-iron. 



Sp. 7. Clay Iron-Stone. — Thoneisentein, Werner; Fcr oxide 

 massif and geodique, Ilauy— The prevailing colours are ash-grey 

 and reddish-brown. It occurs massive, globular, and in kidney- 

 shaped masses or nodules. It is dull, earthy, and yields easily to 

 the knife. The fracture is even, or flat conchoidal, and the struc- 

 ture is sometimes slaty. Its specific gravity is about 3-5. It 

 becomes black and highly magnetic before the blow-pipe. That 

 of Colebrookdale contained, oxide of iron 50, oxide of manganese 

 2-6, silex 10-6, alumine 2, lime 1-6, magnesia 2-4, water and car- 

 bonic acid 32. Clay iron-stone occurs abundantly in thin strata, 

 which, alternate with bituminous shale, sandstone, and coal, in the 

 independent coal formations ; and it is the ore from which English 

 iron is principally obtained. 



