THE PHARYNGEAL TEETH OF FISHES. 



71 



on the cerato-hypo portion larger than those on the first arch. 

 No filter was possible, unless formed by the arches closing 

 together. The upper pharyngeal teeth are in three groups, one 

 on the head of the second epibranchial, a larger one on the head 

 of the third epibranchial, and one about the same size as that on 

 the second epibranchial on the head of the fourth epibranchial. 

 Each group consists of strong cardiform teeth. The lower 

 pharyngeal teeth are on two long plates, forming a converging V 



HlPPOGLOSSOIDES 

 LIMANDOIDES. 



Fig. II. 



ECHENEIS 

 NAUCRATES. 



Lophius 

 budegasa. 



in the mouth, that have cardiform teeth, but rather smaller than 

 those of the upper pharyngeals. 



Kurtid^. 

 Kurtus indicus, from the Indian Ocean, has eighteen long, 

 horny gill-rakers on the first branchial arch, six of them being on 

 the epibranchial portion. The longest is about twice the depth 

 of the gill-larainse below it. They are toothed, and speckled with 

 little black dots along their length. The second arch has shorter 

 horny gill-rakers. The third and fourth arches tubercles. This, 

 although a small fish, is well supplied with pharyngeal teeth ; 



