122 THE ZOOLOGIST, 



October, and therefore missed the most interesting period of 

 migration, but the autumn migration was still proceeding in the 

 second half of October, and the passage south of hundreds of 

 Storks and the presence of multitudes of White Wagtails attracted 

 everybody's attention. 



Winter residents arrived early in November, especially notice- 

 able being Grey Wagtails and Black Redstarts, while Stonechats 

 came first in October ; but a cold snap — the last four days of 

 November — caused a quite remarkable influx of species not seen 

 before : Skylarks and Starlings, Eobins and Hedge-Sparrows, 

 Woodlarks, Chaffinches, Blackbirds, etc., etc. On December 1st 

 the frost broke, and there was a continual passage all morning 

 of small birds going north-east up the coast — Starlings, Skylarks, 

 Goldfinches, Pipits, and many others. 



Many birds continued to breed on the Peninsula, and seemed 

 to be far more disturbed by the troops everywhere than by the 

 guns and shells ; I never had the opportunity to look for nests, 

 but a number of summer residents bred there, such as Shrikes, 

 Bee-eaters, etc., and the ordinary resident birds were to be seen 

 to the end. 



A great part of the Peninsula at the Cape Helles end is a 

 heathery upland, broken by several nullahs, and there are not 

 many trees except in the centre and on the south side by the 

 water-towers and near the Dardanelles, where the French troops 

 were ; naturally I was seldom able to visit that side, and was 

 never there later than the middle of August ; if I had been there 

 frequently I should doubtless have been able to add a good many 

 species to the list. On the north-west coast is a shelving cliff 

 where shrubs and trees grow, but there is no beach or mud-flat 

 where wader3 or sea-birds may be seen ; consequently the only 

 sea-birds noticed were off Cape Helles, or passing along the 

 coast. 



Of course, the following list only contains birds seen casually, 

 and many birds seen on perhaps one occasion or not at all were 

 probably quite common a short distance away. Considering the 

 fact that all that part of the Peninsula occupied by us was con- 

 tinually under fire for eight months, the number of birds to be 

 seen daily was quite remarkable. 



On Imbros in the summer the birds were similar to those 



