THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



Photograph from R. S. Cresswell 



JEWISH SCRIBES AT SALONIKI WRITING SACRED BOOKS ON SCROLLS, AS IN THE 



OLDEN DAYS 



This work is very beautifully executed on parchment in strong black ink. The Oral Law, 

 so called, of the Jews was codified by rabbis, after the expulsion from Jerusalem, into the 

 Palestinian Talmud. The written law was the law of Moses, contained in the Pentateuch 

 and known as the "Torah." The remainder of the Old Testament was divided into the 

 "Prophets" and the "Writings" (see page 3). 



unruly and undisposed to yield to their 

 authority and campaigns were waged 

 against them. Jerusalem was taken in 

 the year 70 by Titus and the Temple de- 

 stroyed. In the year 135 it was taken 

 again by Hadrian's generals and the city 

 destroyed. 



THOUSANDS SIC NT IN BONDAGE To SPAIN 



Hadrian rebuilt the city and substi- 

 tuted a temple to Jupiter in the place of 



the temple to Jehovah, The Jews were 

 expelled from the city and forbidden to 

 come within sight of its walls. This 

 brought about the great "diaspora," or 

 second dispersion, which sent the people 

 of Israel to the uttermost parts of the 

 earth, some going voluntarily and others 

 taken as prisoners. It is said that 80,000 

 prisoners were sent to Spain, where they 

 found the Jewish communities which had 

 moved on from Rome. 



