THE ROMANCE OF MILITARY INSIGNIA 



485 



Harris & Ewing 



THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GAVE A SPECIAL MEDAL TO ITS RESIDENTS WHO SERVED 



IN THE WORLD WAR 



The Secretary of War is seen pinning this medal on the first man in line, on July 4, 1919. 

 The distribution was a feature of this year's Independence Day celebration in the National 

 Capital, which culminated in the International Peace Festival, in which all the countries 

 having diplomatic representatives in Washington participated. 



States no one has received two Medals 

 of Honor, two Distinguished Service 

 Crosses, two Distinguished Service Med- 

 als ; nor in France two Croix de Guerre, 

 etc. Instead of giving another on the 

 performance of a second act justifying 

 such an award, some special device is 

 placed on the ribbon of the medal and on 

 the service ribbon to show that the wearer 

 has been decorated a second time with 

 the same distinction. These devices vary 

 with different countries and with differ- 

 ent decorations and will be described in 

 detail later. 



THREE TYPES OE CITATIONS 



A citation is an official announcement 

 of appreciation for services performed. 

 It may be in the form of an order issued 

 from the headquarters of some unit (cita- 

 tion in orders), or in the official report of 

 some commander (mentioned in dis- 



patches), or as a special certificate. All 

 are included under the general head of 

 citation. Usually the particular service 

 rendered is briefly recounted, giving date, 

 place, and sufficient detail to enable the 

 reader to form some idea of the circum- 

 stances. 



A citation does not of itself carry any 

 further reward. If a decoration is to be 

 given, it is customary to include that fact 

 in the citation if the officer issuing the 

 citation has the authority to do so. If he 

 has not, he may submit a recommendation 

 to that effect, and if approved the award 

 will be made by another citation issued 

 by the commander taking the action. 

 Thus there may be two or three citations 

 for the same act. 



The distinction between award and 

 presentation should be clearly established. 

 A citation which specifically bestows a 

 personal decoration is the award ; presen- 



