THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



>07 



The obverse shows Morro Castle, at the en- 

 trance to Havana Harbor. 



The reverse of most of the Navy and Marine 

 Corps medals is an eagle standing on a foul 

 anchor and directly below the words '"For 

 service" ; above appears ''United States Navy" 

 cr 'United States Marine Corps," as the case 

 may be; in the lower part is a wreath of laurel 

 and oak. The ribbon is the same as for the 

 Army medal. 



31. Tpie Philippine Campaign Medal was 

 given for duty on naval vessels or on shore in 

 me Philippine Islands between February 4, 

 1899, and July 4, 1902, the period of the mili- 

 tary occupation; or on shore in the Depart- 

 ment of Mindanao, co-operating with the 

 Army, between February 4, 1899, and Decem- 

 ber 31, 1904. The obverse shows an old gate 

 in the city wall of Manila. The ribbon is the 

 same as that used by the Army. 



32. The Medal fcr Naval Engagements 

 in the West Indies, 1S9S, popularly known as 

 the "Sampson Medal," was authorized by act 

 o± Congress March 3, 1901, and was awarded 

 to all officers and men of the Navy and Marine 

 Corps who participated in any of the naval 

 engagements in the West Indies between May 

 6. 189S, and August 14, 1898. The medal is 

 provided with bronze bars above the ribbon 

 bearing the names of the ships on which the 

 recipient served. Cn the obverse is a bust of 

 Admiral Sampson and on the reverse a group 

 of figures on the deck of a ship, the central 

 figure being an officer, another a sailor firing 

 a rapid-fire gun, and the third a marine with 

 a rifle in his hand; below is the name of the 

 engagement. 



33. The China Relief Expedition Medal 

 was awarded to officers and men of the Navy 

 and Marine Corps who took part in this ex- 

 pedition between May 24, 1900, and May 27, 

 1901. The obverse shows the Chicnmen, the 

 main gate to the walled city of Peking, with 

 an imperial Chinese dragon below. The ribbon 

 is the same as in the Army. 



34. The Manila Pay Medal, commonly 

 known as the "Dewey Medal" was authorized 

 by act of Congress approved June 3, 1898, to 

 commemorate the victory of Manila, and was 

 awarded to all officers and men of the Navy 

 and Marine Corps who took part in that 

 battle of May 1. 1898. It was designed by the 

 sculptor, Mr. Daniel C. French, and on the 

 obverse is the bast of Admiral Dewey. The 

 reverse shows a seaman sitting on a naval gun 

 and grasping the staff of a flag draped across 

 his lap : below is stamped the name of the 

 ship on which the recipient served in the bat- 

 tle. Tin's medal is unique in that it is sus- 

 pended from a bar by a link and the ribbon 

 merely hangs behind the medal and is not in 

 any way connected with the suspension thereof. 

 The bar shows an American eagle with its 

 wings snread over the sea. a sword hilt to the 

 risrht and an olive branch on the left. The 

 ribbon is in the Navy colors, blue and gold. 



35. The Cuban Pacification Medal was 



awarded to officers and men of the Navy and 

 Marine Corps who formed part of the expedi- 

 tionary force sent to Cuba in 1006. The ob- 

 verse shows Columbia presenting an olive 



branch to Cuba, the Dove of Peace hovering 



above. The same ribbon as the Army medal 

 is used. 



36. The Nicaraguan Campaign Medal 

 commemorates the naval expedition, consisting 

 mostly of marines, which went to the aid of 

 the Government of Nicaragua in 1912. A short 

 but sharp campaign ensued in which the revo- 

 lutionary forces were defeated, order was re- 

 stored, and our troops withdrawn. It was 

 awarded to all officers and men of the Navy 

 and Marine Corps who took part in the expe- 

 dition between August 28, 1912, and November 

 2, 1912. The obverse shows the Nicaraguan 

 volcano, Mt. Momotombo, rising from Lake 

 Managua behind a tropical forest. 



37. Tpie Haitian Campaign Medal com- 

 memorates an expedition to Haiti in 1915, 

 similar to the Nicaraguan Expedition (see No. 

 36). A detachment of marines has remained 

 on the island ever since to insure the preserva- 

 tion of order, but the medal was awarded only 

 to the members of the joint naval and marine 

 expedition which conducted the active cam- 

 paign between July 9 and December 6, 1915. 

 The obverse represents a view from the sea of 

 the mountains of Cape Haitien, with the sea in 

 the foreground. The colors of the ribbon are 

 red and blue, the same as the national colors 

 of Haiti. 



38. The Mexican Campaign Medal was 

 riven to officers and men of the Navy and Ma- 

 rine Corps who served at Vera Cruz on April 

 21, 22, or 23, 1914, when the Navy landed and 

 occupied that city; also to all who served on 

 chipboard c ft the Mexican coaet between April 

 21 and November 26, 1914, or between March 

 14, 1916, and February 7, 1917; also to any who 

 were actually present and participated in an en- 

 gagement between armed forces of the United 

 States and Mexico between April 12, 1911, and 

 February 7, 1917. The obverse shows the old 

 castle of San Juan de Ulloa in the harbor of 

 Vera Cruz. The ribbon is the same as for the 

 Army medal. 



The Expeditionary Ribbon, Marine Corps 

 fsee illustration under No. 21, Life Saving 

 Medal, second class), shows participation in 

 one or more of the numerous expeditions to 

 foreign countries undertaken by detachments 

 of Marines, and for which no campaign medal 

 is awarded. Sixteen expeditions are thus com- 

 memorated between 1902 and IQ17 — nine to 

 Panama, two each to Cuba and Nicaragua, and. 

 cue each to China, Abyssinia, and Korea. This 

 list is a good illustration of the diverse em- 

 ployment of the Marine Corps. There is no 

 medal, only a service ribbon in the colors of 

 the Marine Corps. The number of the expedi- 

 tions in which the wearer participated is shown 

 by a bronze numeral in the center of the ribbon, 

 a unique feature in decorations. 



THE VICTORY MEDAL 



The Victory Medal (see illustration, page 

 J64) is to commemorate the recent war with 

 Germany and i^ awarded to all officers, enlisted 

 men, field clerks, and nurses who served in 

 Army, Navy, or Marine Corps between April 6. 

 tot?, the date of the H vlaration of war against 

 Germany, and November it, iqtS. the date of 



