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THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE 



vember n. It was 42 days in quiet sectors and 

 26 in active; advanced 28^ kilometers against 

 resistance, captured 1,876 prisoners, and lost 

 1,392 killed and 5,885 wounded. The insignia 

 consists of the letters T and O in monogram, 

 the initials of two of the States from which 

 the personnel came. 



88. The Ninety-first Division, formed by 

 men from Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Cali- 

 fornia, Idaho, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, 

 and Utah, was stationed at Camp Lewis, Wash- 

 ington. It went to France in July, 19 18, and 

 served in the Meuse-Argonne offensive Sep- 

 tember 20 to October 3 ; west of Escaut River, 

 Belgium, October 30 to November 4; east of 

 Escaut River, November 10 to 11. The di- 

 vision spent 15 days in quiet sectors and 14 in 

 active; advanced 34 kilometers against resist- 

 ance, captured 2,412 prisoners, and lost 1,414 

 killed and 4,364 wounded. 



The fir tree was selected for the insignia as 

 being typical of the Far West, the home of 

 the Division, and also, being an evergreen, was 

 emblematic of the state of readiness of each 

 unit of the organization. 



89. The Ninety-second Division was formed 

 of colored troops from all States, and before 

 leaving for France, in June, 1918, was divided 

 among several camps — Dodge, Dix, and Meade 

 containing the largest units. It served in the 

 St. Die sector, Vosges, August 29 to Septem- 

 ber 20; Meuse-Argonne offensive, September 

 24 to 30; Marbache sector, October 9 to No- 

 vember 11. It was 51 days in quiet sectors and 

 2 days in active; advanced 8 miles against 

 resistance, captured 38 prisoners, and lost 176 

 killed and 1,466 wounded. The buffalo was 

 selected as the divisional insignia because it is 

 said the Indians called colored soldiers 

 "buffaloes." The color of the buffalo varies 

 according to the arm of the service. 



90. The Ninety-third Division was never 

 complete. It was formed of colored troops 

 from all sections and went to France in April, 

 1918. There a provisional division was or- 

 ganized of these scattered units. It never had 

 any artillery and was brigaded with the French 

 from July 1 until the signing of the armistice, 

 losing 584 killed and 2,582 wounded. 



Owing to the fact that it was incomplete, and 

 never participated in action as a unit, the other 

 statistics for it are not applicable. The official 

 insignia is a French helmet, but a bloody hand, 

 said to have been assumed from the insignia 

 of a French colored colonial division with 

 which the Ninety-third operated, was more 

 common in actual practice. 



91. The First Corps — Normally a corps was 

 supposed to consist of four divisions, but this 

 was by no means always followed. Neither 

 was any corps constant in the divisions as- 

 signed to it. One would be withdrawn and 

 another substituted, according to the exigencies 

 of the occasion. So it is impossible to give 

 the composition of the corps which will be 

 correct for all dates. 



During the St. Mihiel offensive the First 

 Corps consisted of the Second, Fifth, Eighty- 

 second, and Ninetieth Divisions and the 

 Seventy-eighth in reserve and was the right 

 of the attack, the Eighty-second being the 

 pivot on which the right wing turned. 



At the beginning of the Meuse-Argonne 

 operation the First Corps consisted of the 

 Thirty-fifth, Twenty-eighth, and Seventy- 

 seventh Divisions in the line, with the Ninety- 

 second in reserve. On this occasion it was the 

 left of the American army, the Seventy-seventh 

 Division being on the extreme left, next to 

 the French, until relieved by the Seventy- 

 eighth, which was later relieved by the Forty- 

 second. 



After the armistice the First Corps consisted 

 of the Thirty- sixth, Seventy-eighth, and 

 Eightieth Divisions 



92. The Second Corps contained only the 

 Twenty-seventh and Thirtieth Divisions and 

 operated with the British. The insignia, the 

 figure "2" in Roman characters, having the 

 American eagle on one side and the British 

 lion on the other, is emblematic of this 

 service. 



93. The Third Corps during the St. Mihiel 

 offensive was on the Meuse, making prepara- 

 tions for the forthcoming Meuse-Argonne 

 drive, which it opened with the Thirty-third, 

 Eightieth, and Fourth Divisions in the line 

 and the Third in reserve. It was the right 

 wing of the operation, the Thirty-third being 

 the extreme right of the movement along the 

 Meuse for the first few days. 



In the reorganization after the armistice the 

 Third Corps consisted of the Second, Thirty- 

 second, and Forty-second Divisions and was 

 stationed in the occupied German territory. 



94/ The Fourth Corps at St. Mihiel con- 

 sisted of the First, Forty-second, and Eighty- 

 ninth Divisions, with the Third in reserve. It 

 was the left wing of the attack from the east 

 side of the salient. The Eighty-ninth was next 

 to the First Corps, on the right, while the 

 First was the left flank of the movement, mak- . 

 ing contact with the attack from the west side 

 the second day. , 



During the Meuse-Argonne drive the Fourth 

 Corps held the St. Mihiel sector, but with 

 different divisions. 



In the reorganization after the armistice the 

 Fourth Corps consisted of the First, Third, 

 and Fourth Divisions and was stationed in the 

 occupied German territory. 



95. The Fifth Corps at St. Mihiel con- 

 sisted of the Fourth, Twenty-sixth, and one 

 French colonial division. It was the left wing, 

 attacking from the west side of the salient. 

 The Fourth Division was no the extreme left, 

 the pivot of that flank, and the Twenty-sixth 

 on the right, making contact with the First 

 Division from the other side of the salient 

 on the second day. 



In the Meuse-Argonne the Fifth Corps com- 

 menced the attack with the Seventy-ninth, 

 Thirty-seventh, and Ninety-first Divisions in 





