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of Subway tourist among ticks and jig- 

 gers. The aid of government specialists 

 is not yet available and the herder does 

 not know how to combat this insect, 

 whose fiendish ingenuity still baffles him. 



The animal tick, which is about the 

 size of a horsefly, first lays its eggs on 

 the fetlock of the deer, which thus be- 

 comes the Achilles' heel of the Arctic 

 speedster. When the deer licks them off, 

 the eggs are lodged in the animal's mouth 

 or throat, where they hatch into worms, 

 which work their way up along the neck 

 and down the back of the animal, under 

 the skin. Having thus made life miser- 

 able for their host, the worms finally 

 gnaw or bore their way through the hide 

 and become flies. 



Although not deadly, the warble fly 

 causes much irritation among the rein- 

 deer and reduces their vitality. So sensi- 

 tive have the animals become to this pest 

 that the buzz of a fly of any kind causes 

 a noticeable nervousness among the en- 

 tire herd. 



The warble fly is a handicap to the 

 commercial deerman because the little 

 worms, piercing the skin to escape, leave 

 the hide punctured with tiny holes which 

 lessen its marketable value. 



THE: MAKING OF AN ESKIMO PARKA 



To the Eskimo the reindeer hide is less 

 seriously impaired. His principal use of 

 the hide or pelt is to make the warm, 

 hairy parka, a cozy coat with hood at- 

 tached. The hood and sleeves are sewn 

 on with reindeer sinews, which do not rot 

 like ordinary thread. The late Walter C. 

 Shields, Superintendent of the North- 

 western District of Alaska, Bureau of 

 Education, in his published poem, "The 

 Ancient Ground," gave the following 

 graphic description of the making of the 

 sinew thread : 



"Behind the rest, on heaped up skins, 

 The oldest hag crouched on her shins. 

 Her teeth were worn down to her gums, 

 And rawhide thongs had scarred her thumbs. 

 She split a sinew strip in two 

 (Back sinew from the caribou) ; 

 Between her sunken, oozing lips 

 The stringy strip of sinew slips. 

 She mumbles it 'twixt tongue and jaws, 

 As' through her mouth each strip she draws : 

 She rubs it with her greasy claws 

 Until each soft and moistened shred 

 Becomes a long and pliant thread, 

 Rubbed round upon her cheek." 



548 



