XXIV BIRDS. 



2. Salient {Gresso7-ii). In tliese sometimes all, but for the most part two, of the fore 

 toes are joined at the base, the hinfl one free, 



3. Climbing [Scansorii). Here the toes are placed two forwards and two backwards. — 

 In this may be noticed some few, in which only one is seen backwards ; that is, three in all, 

 but such are to be accounted as anomalies. 



4. Prehessile [Prehensi/es). Birds of this kind have four toes, but all placed forwards, 

 as in one-species of the Coly, Swift, &c. 



** Tridactyle (Tridactyli). These are Cursory (Cursorii), having only three toes, 

 all placed forwards, instanced in the Bustard, Cassowary, Rhea, Plover, Courser, Oister- 

 Catcher, Albatross, Awk, Guillemot. 



*** DiDACTYLE [Didactyli) ; of this, having only two toes,^ we have a single instance 

 in the Ostrich, and both the toes placed forwards. 



The FOOT (Pes) is said to be 



Pa lm ated (Natatorius) when the toes are connected with amembrane, as in the Duck genus. 



Semipalmated {Semipalmatiis) when the membrane connecting the toes does not reach 

 half way from the base. 



Lobated {Lobatus}. In this tlie toes are furnished with a membrane, on the side of 

 each, but divided to the bottom. 



Pinnated [Pinnatiis) when each joint is sepai-ately lobated, and having a distinct lobe 

 or membrane. 



The Claws {Ungues] are generally more or less sharp at the ends, though in some 

 blunt or rounded, in the manner of human nails. In a few margined and edged, and some- 

 times serrated. The claws in some species are observed to be wholly wanting, especially the 

 hinder one. 



Spines or Spurs [Calcaria] for defence, are chiefly found at the back part of the shins, 

 as in the Peacock, Pheasant, Grous, and Partridge ; besides which we see such, both sharp 

 and blunt, at the bend of the wing ; witnessed in the Ostrich,. Screamer, various Plovers, 

 Jacana, and several species of Ducks. 



Horns {Cor)iua) are seen on the head, single as in the Screamer, or double in the Horned 

 Turkey. 



AVattles {Carunculis) fleshy membranes, chiefly hanging from the lower jaw ,^ instanced 

 in the Cock, Wattle-Bird, some species of Starlings, and others. 



Pouch [Saccus jugu/aris) a dilatable membrane under the throat, as in the Ibis and 

 Pelican. 



