
ABORIGINES OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA +73 
Tt is interesting to note that New South Wales Bondi points are also collected 
mainly from littoral sites. 
However, the whole problem of Australian microliths seems to be wrapped 
somewhat in obseurity. Their makers became extinct before any knowledge was 
gained of even the existence of these little tools, much less of their uses, As 
regards their frequency and distribution in the areas under present investigation, 
no doubt various factors will have to be considered in further study. For example: 
The problem of concentrations of implements on certain sandhill sites, due or not 
to redeposition on to lower levels. The possibility of relationship between frequency 
of occurrence and immediate flint sources and food supplies—as on the Kongorong 
coast, Their greater frequency on inland sites in the Millicent-Rendelsham area 
may suggest a need for more intensive search for coastal sites there, The study 
is full of interest and fascination. 
GraocicaL Nores. 
The topographical features of the Lower South-East and their development 
haye been described in general terms by a number of previous observers (Tenison 
Woods, Howehin, Ward, Fenner, Tindale, Crocker), However, the elucidation 
of the complete story and significance of the various features will require a con- 
siderable amount of detailed and specialized investigation. This was obviously 
impracticable during the two short periods available, and attention therefore was 
directed towards those features which appeared to have a bearing on the problems 
of aboriginal environment and antiquity of oceupation of the region. 
Although opinions are still divided on the question whether in this region 
sea level has dropped or the land risen since the formation of the first and most 
inland series of stranded and consolidated coastal dunes, the Cave Range, everyone 
is. agreed that the Lower: South-Hast, as & region, was covered by the sea in com. 
paratively recent times, and has emerged as a land surface by successive stages to 
form the land aa we see it to-day. 
The present investigation ia concerned only with the area between Douglas 
Point on the south, Rivoli Bay on the north, and inland as fur as the Reedy Creek 
Range, Within this area the Reedy Creek Range is the most inland and oldest 
series of stranded coastal dunes. Proceeding at right angles to this range towards 
the coast and therefore in a south-westerly direction, the next large series of dunes 
encountered is that known as the Woakwine Range, which continues to the south- 
east into the Hundred of Kongorong, where it is represented by the Kongorong 
Range and possibly in its later stages by the Whawbe Ridge and finally the Long 
Gully Ridge, Near the coast another ridge appears which has been named the 
Canunda Ridge. This, however, does not continue far south-east of the north- 
western end of Lake Bonney; its former extension to the south-east, if it existed, 
having been eroded by the sea and covered by its incursion. Still further to the 
south-west, one finds isolated remnants of still another former coastal dune, which 
was partly consolidated and probably formed a continuous series, of which only 
a few headlands remain, such as Cape Buffon, Carpenters Rocks, Cape Banks, 
éte. Finally there are the present coastal dunes which, however, do not exist as 
a continuous series everywhere. They are particularly well developed on the 
coastline between Cape Banks and Cape Buffon, 
We have therefore in this area five major series of coastal and former coasta) 
dunes, each evidence of a former shoreline which remained stationary for a period 
long enough to permit the accumulation of the material forming the dunes. There 
are also several minor ridges indicating the existence for relatively short periods 
of other intermediaje shorelines. 
