
ABORIGINES OF THE SOUTH-EAST oF SoUTH AUSTRALIA 493 
edible fruits much eaten by birds aid mammals), Acacia pijanantha (Golden 
Wattle), Melaleuca pubescens (Black Tea-Tree), and Olearia agillarts, 
Fairly numerous undershrubs were the prostrate Acaena Sanguis-orbae, the 
pea Nwainsone lessertufolka and the tussocky sedges Scirpus nodosus and 
Lepudosperma gladiatum, Other occasional small trees, shrubs, undershrubs 
and herbs were: Grasses (Poa and Danthonia), Dianella, Casuarina siricta, 
Rhagodia baccata, Samolus repens, Erythraca centaurium, Sebaca ovata, the 
ereeping arid rooting Selliera radicans, Solanum aviculare, Evrachtites prenan- 
thoides, Senacra lautus, Helichrysum ferrugineum and H. cinerewm. Intro- 
duced planta were; Marram Grass (planted), Red Pimpernel, Sonchus olera- 
ceus (Sow-Thistie), 8. asper (perhaps native), and Hypachoeris (Cat’s-ear). 
The plants producing possible food for man consist of ; Acacia longifolia 
and perhaps A. pycnantha—seeds for grinding. Solanum amorlare and 
Leucopegon perviforus—fruits. The bases of the leaves of Lepidesperma 
gladictum. 
The carmine-coloured berries of Rhagodia baccata, staining the fingers 
pinkish-red, a plant abundant near the seashore as at OC. Buffon on Rivoli Bay, 
may have been the plant that was used hy (he native girls further north to 
eolour theit cheeks red as mentioned by G. F. Angas, 
B. The belt of dense sernb, This isso dense that one can make one’s way through 
it only with considerable difficulty. In places the moving sand forms an 
almost yertical wall some 8 or 10 feet high from which one can look down 
on the dense matt of shrubs. The principal shrubs and small trees are: 
Swamp Leptospermum (0, pubescens), Black Tea-tree (Melaleuca pubes- 
cens), Solanum. avieulare, the trailing Muehlenbechia adpressw, Tetragonia 
imnlexicoma (a trailer, sometimes hanging im festoons from the trees) and 
Melaleuca squarrasa. In addition, the following were scattered through this 
helt: The creeping Selliera radicans in open spaces, Gahnia trifda (Cutting- 
Grass), Rhagodi baccata, Urtica incisa (Native Nettle), Rumex (introduced 
Dock), the parasitic creeper Cassyltha pubescens (fruits eaten), the climbing 
Comesperma. volubitle, Adriana Klotzschti, Hibbertia billardiert, Dpilobium, 
Apum australe, Hydrocotyle hirta? (forming a matt on swampy ground), 
Menthe pulegium (introduced), Red Pimpernel (introduced), Samolus 
repens, Solanum nigrum (Bittersweet, fruits perhaps eaten), Verbuscum vir- 
gatum (introduced), Helichrysum ferrugyneum, Cassinia apectabilis, Hyps- 
choeris radicata (introduced), Black Thistle (Cirsium lancecletum), Sonchus 
asper (the form with long marrow leaves, perhaps a nativye—Angas men- 
tious finding Sow-Thistles here in 1844) with edible, not bitter leaves. 
C. The flat swampy land now mostly drained. In places round the edge wes 
a matt of small umbellifer, Hydrocotyle tripartite, with divided leaves, H. 
plebéja and Sellera vadicans. Large patches of vegetation were formed 
of Cladium juncewnr, 
Amongst the lowly mati plants were scattered Holorrhagis brownii, Samo- 
lus repens, Lobelia anceps, Triglochin striata, Epilobium glabellum and the grass 
Agrostis avenacea. There were large elumps of the Cutting Grass Gohnia trifida 
and a good deal of the tall rush Juncus marttimus var, australiensis. As one 
approached the bare patches where water lay in winter, a sedge (Claudiu glomera- 
tuo), eighteen inches or sc high, oceupied the surface to the exclusion o: almost 
all else, though coarse tufts of the introduced New Zealand Peseue were quite com- 
mon and Bulrushes (Typha angusttfolia) formed colonies and between these 
occasional plants of Apium australe, of the grass Polypogon monspeliensis, of the 
introduced Cat’s-ear (Hypochoeris radicata), of a Samphire, of the grass Szuro- 
