
JOHNSTON AND BECKWITH—LARVAL TREMATODES 565 
vound the posterior end of the body. No such band is recorded for the related 
C. burti Miller, nov for C. helvetica XXXI, in which cercariae the spination is 
otherwise similar. The ventral sucker is beset with two or three concentric rings 
of spines alternately arranged and too numerous to count accurately. The opening 
of the ventral sucker is small and round and leads into a wider bowl-like cavily 
around the base of which the spines are situated. When the ventral sucker is 
greatly protruded, the spines are everted through the small aperture and in this 
condition are at right angles to the body of the cerearia. 
The anterior sueker is strongly protrusible; the mouth opening may be 
inverted deeply into it, or pushed forward when the anterior organ is protruded. 
The straight narrow prepbarynus leads into a well developed pharyngeal bulb. 
The rest of the digestive tract is difficult to see. Just anterior to the ventral sucker 
the narrow oesophagus hifureates into fwo short deeply constricted caeca, the 
last lobes of which appoar to be completely separated from the rest of the mtestine, 
This condition resembles that described by Sewell (1922, 277) for C. indica XXII, 
by Miller (1926, 43) for C, burti, and by Wesenberg-Lund (1994, 114) for 
C. longiremis, The ends of the caeea, which scarcely extend beyond the posterior 
border of the ventral sucker, stain with intra-vitam neutral red, but not with 
intra-vitam Nile blue sulphate. 
Dorsal to the caeca on either side lie four small granular penetration cells 
(fig, 1) one belrind the other, the first antero-lateval to, the last postero-lateral 
to the ventral sucker, The cells stain deeply with Nile blue sulphate, lightly with 
neutral red in strong solution, and are unstained in Orange G solution, The 
cells are eranular with large, clear, non-staining nuclei. The proximal part of 
each duct is granular, the rest clear; they pass forward to penetrate the anterior 
organ laterally and open on either side of the mouth, The gland-cells are diffieult 
to see in living specimens except when deeply stained; in this respect they are 
apparently similar to those of C. helvetica XXNT whieh Dubois (1929, 94) 
deserihed as ‘‘peu distinctes,’’ In preserved specimens the gland-cells stained 
with neither acid alum carmine nor Delafield’s haematoxylin. Antero-lateral to 
the ventral sucker on each side is a clear rotindish refractory body (fig. 1), which 
did not staim with any stain used. These bodies are apparently “‘unpigmented 
eyespots,”? such as those deseribed for C. pserdoburti by Rankin (1989, 89) and 
for C. ranae by Cort and Brackett (1938, 264). 
A thiek band of nerve fibres staming with intra-vital Nile blue sulphate hes 
dorsal to the oesophagus just behind the pharyngeal bulb (fig. 1). The genital 
primordinm is a niass of cells staining deeply with avid alum ecarmine and 
Delafiecld’s haematoxylin; it lies between the ventral sucker and the bladder (fig. 1), 
The tail is longifureate, with a border of fine, short spines along each side of 
