18 CROW. 



variety, independent of the difference of the belly ; for Pallas men- 

 tions one which was almost wholly black, with the nape of the neck 

 and throat brown. — Such an one is in Lord Stanley's collection. In 

 this the neck and breast are fine brown ; belly and vent black ; the 

 outer quill not half the length of the fifth, which is the longest. I 

 have observed this variety too, in several drawings of Indian birds. 



10— JACKDAW. 



Corrus Monedula, Ind.Om.i. 154. Lin. i. 156; Faun. Suec. No. 89. Got. Lin. \. 



367. Scop. Ann. i. No. 38. Brun. No. 32. Mutter. No. 89. Georgi. 165. PL 



Trans, lvii. 347. Bris. ii. p. 24. Id. 8vo. i. 160. Kramer. 334. Frisch. t. 67. 



Rail. 40. A. 5. Will. 85. t. 19. Borotvsk. ii. 106. Gerini. t. 144 ? Sepp. Fog. 



iii. t. 113. Daud. ii. 232. Shaw's Zool. vii. 350. Tern. Man. d'Orn. p. 70. Id. 



Ed. ii. p. 112. 

 Cornix garrula, Klein. Av. 59. Id. Stem. 10. t. 11. f. 2. a. b. Id. Oo. 21. t. 8. f. 4. 

 Le Choucas, Buf. iii. 69. PL enl. 523. 



Dohle, Gunth. Nest. U. Ey. 51. t. 11. fig. inf. Naturf. xi. s. 42. 

 Taccole. Cett. Uc. Sard. 72. Zinnan. Oo. 71. t. 10. f. 62. 

 Jackdaw, Gen. Syn. i. 378. Id. Sup. 78. Id. Sup. ii. 110. Br. Zool. i. 2Vb. 81. pi. 34. 



Id.fol. p. 78. Id. 1812. 296. pi. 35. Arct. Zool. ii. 251. C. Hist. Selb. 59. 60. 



^/i. i. pi. 14. Will. Engl. 125. pi. 19. Bewick, i. pi. in p. 73. Zemin, i. pi. 37. 



Id. Eggs. vii. f. 1. Walcot, i. pi. 36. Orn. Diet. 



THE Jackdaw is thirteen inches long, and weighs about nine 

 ounces. Bill black ; irides nearly white ; hind head and back part 

 of the neck elegant cinereous grey, passing on each side towards the 

 breast; the rest of the plumage glossy blue-black, but the under 

 parts incline to dusky ; legs black. Male and female much alike. 



This is a common species in England, remaining the whole year; 

 builds in trees, more commonly in rocks, and ruined edifices, out of the 

 reach of common intruders ; and now and then in rabbit burrows, as 

 well as in hollow trees ; the nest composed of sticks and twigs, having 

 a lining of wool, &c. lays five or six eggs, smaller than those of the 

 Crow, paler, and marked with fewer spots; sometimes also in 



