2 & I. Smith — Early stages of the Lobster. 



all been drown from specimens preserved in alcohol, as there 

 was no opportunity for studying them while alive. 



First Stage. — The larvte of the first stage observed were fre- 

 quently taken at the surface, and were obtained from the well 

 of a lobster smack, where they were swimming in great abund- 

 ance near the surface of the water. In this stage (pi. IX, figs. 

 A, B, C, D) they are free-swimming Schizopods, about a third 

 of an inch (7*8 to SO""") in length, without abdominal appen- 

 dages, and with six pairs of pediform cephalothoracic appen- 

 dages, each with the exopodus"* developed into a powerful 

 swimming organ. The general appearance is represented in the 

 figures. The eyes are bright blue: the anterior portion and 

 the lower margin of the carapax and the bases of the legs are 

 speckled with orange ; the lower margin, the whole of the 

 penultimate, and the basal portion of the ultimate segment of 

 the abdomen, are brilliant reddish orange. They are very 

 active, swimming about very much like the species of My sis 

 and Thysanopoda. 



The antennulee (fig. C) are short and sack-like, with a single 

 articulation at the base and three setae at the tip. The antennas 

 have large well-developed scales, furnished along the inner 

 margin with long plnmose hairs, but the fiagellum is shorter 

 than the scale, not divided into segments, and with three 

 plumose setse at tip. The mandibles are unlike on the two 

 sides ; the inferior edges are armed with acute teeth, except at 

 the posterior angle, where there is a small molar area ; the palpi 

 are very small and the three segments just indicated. The exog- 

 nathus in both pairs of maxillae is composed of only one article, 

 and is furnished with several setse at tip. In the first maxilli- 

 peds, the exognathus is an nnarticulated process, furnished with 

 short plumose hairs on the outer side. The second maxillipeds 

 have the principal branch cylindrical, not flattened and appressed 

 to the inner mouth organs as in the adult ; the exognathus is 

 short and as yet scarcely flabelliform ; and the epignathus is a 

 simple process, with not even the rudiment of a branchia. The 

 external maxillipeds are pediform, the endognathus as long as 

 and mnch resembling the endopodi of the posterior legs, while 

 the exognathus is like the exopodi of all the legs, being half 

 as long as the endognathus, and the terminal portion furnished 

 along the edges with long plumose hairs. The epignathus and 

 the branchiae are very rudimentary, represented by minute 

 sack -like processes. The anterior thoracic legs, which in the 

 adult develop into the big claws, are exactly alike, and no 



* To prevent confusion the terms here used are those proposed by Milne Ed- 

 wards to designate the different branches of the cephalic and thoracic appendages: 

 endopodus, for the main branch of a leg ; exopodus, for the accessory branch (a in 

 fig. D); epipodus, for the flabelliform appendage (6); and endognathus, exognathus, 

 and epignathus, for the corresponding branches of the mouth organs. 



