jasm] 



iRfye Crearfurj) at 3Satang, 



636 



The calyx is five-parted ; the corolla is sal- ] 

 ver-shaped, with a long tube distended be- 

 low, and a spreading five-cleft limb ; and j 

 the staminal crown is wanting. [W. C] 



JASMINE. Jasminum. — , AMERI- 

 CAN. Quamoclit ■ coccinea. — , CAPE. 

 Gardenia florida. — , CAROLINA. Gelse- 

 mium nitidum. —, GROUND. Passerina 

 Stcll< rf. — , WHITE. Jasminum officinale. 

 — , WILD, of Jamaica. A species of Pavetta. 



JASMINOIDE. (Fr.) Lycium barbarian. 



JASMINUM. A considerable genus of 

 Jasminacece, dispersed over the warmer 

 regions of the Old World, and containing 

 one or two South American species. They 

 are shrubs or climbers, with pinnate leaves 

 or apparently simple, consisting of one 

 leaflet — when the petiole is articulate. 

 The white or yellow flowers are in axillary 

 or terminal panicles, and have a tubular 

 five or eight-cleft calyx, a cylindrical co- 

 rolla tube and spreading limb, two included 

 stamens, and a two-lobed ovary. Jasmines 

 are of little economic value, but they are 

 prized as ornamental shrubs, on account 

 of the f ragrance of their flowers. The most 

 universally cultivated is J. officinale, com- 

 mon throughout the centre and south of 

 Europe, where it is thoroughly acclima- 

 tised, though certainly not native. 



Some species are used medicinally. The 

 bitter leaves of J.floribundum have a very 

 powerful action, and are employed in 

 Abyssinia against the tape-worm. The 

 bitter root of J. angustifolium, ground 

 small, and mixed with the powdered root 

 of Acorus Calamus, is considered in India 

 as a valuable external application for ring- 

 worm. The fragrant essential oil of Jas- 

 min is obtained from J. officinale and 

 grandiflorum; and an inferior oil is pro- 

 duced from the flowers of other species, 

 as J. Sambac, &c. [W. C] 



JASMINWORTS. Lindley's name for 

 the Jasminacece. 



JASONIA. A small genus of erect, 

 branching, perennial, often glutinous 

 composite herbs, confined to the Medi- 

 terranean region, nearly allied to Pulica- 

 ria, and technically distinguished from it 

 by the nature of the pappus, which con- 

 sists of a double series of rough hairs, 

 the outer row like the inner but shorter, 

 not crown-like as in Pulicaria. The stems 

 have linear or lance-shaped leaves, and 

 small yellow flower-heads, solitary at the 

 ends of the twigs. [A. A. B.] . 



JATAI. A Brazilian name for Hymencea 

 Courbaril. 



JATAMANSI. An Indian name for Spike- 

 nard, Nardostachys Jatamansi. 



JATEE. The common Indian name for 

 Jasminum grandiflorum. 



JATEORHIZA. This genus of Merri- 

 spermacece, so called on account of the root 

 of one of the species which is used in me- 

 dicine, is closely allied to Cocculus, but the 

 flowers have concave petals, enclosing the 

 six stamens, which have thick filaments, 



ending in a large fleshy connective, separat- 

 ing the lobes of the anthers, these opening 

 by transverse slits. In the female flowers 

 are three ovaries, densely hairy externally, 

 and placed on a short stalk ; and a three- 

 parted stigma, with reflected segments. 

 The fruit is clothed with long glandular 

 hairs. 



J. palmata, or Cocculus pahnatus, fur- 

 nishes the root known as Calumba-root, so 

 called from a false impression that it was 

 supplied from Ceylon. The plant is now 



Jateorhiza palmata. 



known to be indigenous in the forests of 

 Mozambique, and the roots to be imported 

 from thence. This drug is much esteemed 

 as a bitter tonic, where a stimulant or as- 

 tringent effect is not required ; it is hence 

 frequently employed in cases of indiges- 

 tion, dependent upon languor and want of 

 tone in the stomach, and attended by nau- 

 sea and flatulence. It has likewise the 

 effect of alleviating vomiting. [M. T. M.] 



JATIPATRI. An Eastern name for 

 Mace. 



JATIPHALI. A Sanscrit name for the 

 Nutmeg. 



JATROPHA. A genus of Euphorbiacece, 

 consisting of woody plants, with alternate 



Jatropha podagrica. 

 stipulate leaves, and flowers in cymes, 

 the central flower female, and the outer 

 ones male. The males have a calyx with 



