639 



GTi)£ CrcaSurg of 33otanr?. 



[JUGL 



j containing a single species from Xew Hol- 

 ; land and the East Indian Archipelago. It 

 ! is an erect or diffuse herb, with sub-oppo- 

 | site petiolate elliptical or lanceolate leaves, 

 I and reddish, shortly-stalked, solitary, ax- 

 illary flowers. The calyx is unequally 

 five-parted and persistent ; the corolla has 

 a short tube, a large campanulate throat, 

 and a spreading five-lobed limb ; there are 

 fourdidynamous stamens, with a rudimen- 

 tary fifth ; and the nut-like four to eight- 

 celled fruit is covered with numerous 

 simple spines. [W. C] 



JOSEPH'S COAT. An American name 

 for Amaranthus tricolor. 



JOSEPH'S-FLOWER. Tragopogon pra- 

 tensis. 



JOTTE. (Fr.) Sinapis arvensis. 

 JOUBARBE. (Fr.) Sempervivurn. — 

 DES TOITS. Sempervivurn tectorum. 

 J U TAT. Outeagu ian ensis. 

 | JOVELLANA. Calceolaria. 

 ' JOVE'S-BEARD. Hydnum Barba Jovis ; 

 j also Anthyllis Barba Jovis. 

 i JOVE'S-FRUIT. Lindera melissafolia. 

 ! JOWAR, JOAR. Indian names for 

 i Sorghum vulgare. 



; JUAXULLOA. A Peruvian shrub, with 

 : pendulous racemes of red flowers, consti- 

 : tuting a genus of Atropacece (Solanacece"}, 

 , and distinguished by its distended coloured 

 i calyx, and its tubular corolla contracted 

 at the throat, concealing the five stamens. 

 The fruit is succulent, many-seeded, en- 

 closed within the inflated calyx. J. pa- 

 rasitica is in cultivation. [M. T. M.] 



JFBA. A loose panicle, such as is often 

 found in grasses. 



JUB.EA. The Coquito Palm of Chili, 

 J. spectabilis, is the sole species of this 

 genus of palms. It is very abundant in 

 central Chili, between the latitudes of 33° 

 and 35°, and is one of the most southern 

 of American palms, existing only in a cul- 

 ' tivated state in warmer latitudes. It has 

 , a tall straight trunk, bearing a crown of 

 large pinnate leaves, and branching spikes 

 of dark yellow distinct male and female 

 flowers, enclosed in a double spathe. The 

 fruit is roundish or egg-shaped, and has 

 a thick fibrous husk, enclosing a hard 

 one-seeded nut which has three small 

 holes or pores at the bottom. 



In Chili, a sweet syrup, called Miel de 

 Palma, or Palm-honey, is prepared by boil- 

 ing the sap of this tree to the consistency 

 of treacle, and it forms a considerable ar- 

 ticle of trade, being much esteemed for 

 domestic use as sugar. The sap is obtained 

 by the very wasteful method of felling the 

 trees, and cutting off the crown of leaves, 

 when it immediately begins to flow, and 

 continues for several months until the 

 tree is exhausted, providing a thin slice 

 is shaved off the top every morning, each 

 tree yielding about ninety gallons. The 

 nuts are used by the Chilian confectioners 



in the preparation of sweetmeats, and by 



the boys as marbles. A quantity of them 



were brought to this country a few years 



ago, and sold under the name of Little 



Coker-nuts ; they had a pleasant nutty 



taste. The leaves are used for thatching, 



and the trunks, being soft inside, and 



I extremely hard towards the outside, are 



I hollowed out, and converted into water- 



j pipes, &c. [A.S.] 



JUBELINA. A climbing shrub of Gui- 

 ana, forming a genus of Malpigh iacece. The 

 I flowers have a glandular calyx, ten sta- 

 I mens all fertile, and partly-united ovaries. 

 The dorsal wing of the fruit hardly ex- 

 ceeds the lateral ones in size. [M. T. MJ 



JUDAS-TREE. Cerds. 



JUDIEGA. Inferior Spanish olives, used 

 for making oil. 



JUEPHUL. An Indian name for the 

 Nutmeg. 



JUGA. The ridges on the fruit of um- 

 bellifers. 



JUGEOLIXE. (Fr.) Sesamum brasi- 

 liense. 



JUGLANDACE.E. (Jughrnds.) An or- 

 der of mouochlamydeous dicotyledonous 

 j plants, belonging to Lindley's quernal al- 

 ] Hance of diclinous Exogens. Trees with 

 ; alternate pinnate stipulate leaves, anduni- 

 • sexual flowers. Male flowers in catkins ; 

 j perianth two to three or six-parted, with 

 , a scaly bract ; stamens three or more. 

 j Female flowers in terminal clusters, or in 

 ' loose racemes, with distinct or united 

 i bracts; perianth adherent, three to five- 

 | parted ; ovary two to four-celled at the 

 ! base, one-eel led at the apex; ovule solitary, 

 ! orthotropal ; styles one or two. Fruit 

 drupaceous, with a stony and often two- 

 valved endocarp ; seed exalbuminous, two 

 tofour-lobed at the base. Chiefly natives of 

 North America. Juglans regia is the com- 

 mon walnut. Carya alba yields the Ame- 

 rican hickory nut. There are five genera, 

 and about thirty species. [J. H. B.] 



JUGLANS. The typical genus of Jugltm- 

 dacea?, composed of the Common Walnut, 

 and two or three other species, all of which 

 form noble trees, and are natives of the 

 I temperate regions of Asiaand North Ame- 

 i rica. They have deciduous pinnate leaves, 

 and bear flowers of separate sexes upon 

 the same tree, and appearing in early 

 spring before the leaves. The male flowers 

 have a calyx of five or six scales, surround- 

 ing from eighteen to thirty-six stamens ; 

 whilst the calyx of the females closely en- 

 velopes the ovary, which bears two or 

 three fleshy stigmas. The fruit has a 

 fleshy husk, which does not split into re- 

 gular divisions when ripe, but bursts ir- 

 regularly, allowing the escape of the hard- 

 shelled two-valved nut. 



J. regia, the common Walnut tree, serves 

 various useful purposes. The wood, par- 

 ticularly that of old trees, is valued by 

 cabinet-makers on account of its beautiful 

 veining and dark colour; and in conse- 



