Qftz Ercatfttrj? at 2S0tamn 



604 



of the innocuous milky plants called Cow 

 trees in South America. 



HYALINE. Transparent, or nearly so. 



HYALIS. A genus belonging to the 

 Mutisia group of the composite family, dif- 

 fering from its allies in the smooth style, 

 the nature of the pappus, and the ten-rib- 

 bed achenes. H, argentea, the only species, 

 is found on the salt plains of North Patago- 

 nia, where, according to Tweedie, it grows 

 in patches to the extent of acres, and to the 

 exclusion of almost everything else. It is 

 a perennial stiff-branched plant, covered 

 with short white hairs, the stems clothed 

 with grassy leaves, and terminating in 

 corymbs of small white flower-heads. The 

 pappus hairs are white, rough, and in three i 

 series. [A. A. B.] j 



HYALISMA. A small slender leafless 

 annual, a native of Ceylon, forming a 

 genus of the curious little order or tribe 

 Triuridacece. 



HYALOLEPIS. The generic name of a 

 pigmy annual found in South and West 

 Australia, and belonging to the cudweed 

 group of the composite family. It has 

 very short stems, with grassy leaves sur- 

 rounding a sessile cluster of small white 

 flower-heads, each head containing a single 

 floret, and the whole surrounded by a com- 

 mon involucre of very thin scales so as to 

 form a compound head. The generic name 

 has reference to the hyaline scales, and the 

 specific rhizocephala to the heads which 

 arise from the collar of the plant in close 

 proximity to the root. [A. A. B.] 



HYALOSTEMMA. The name of an 

 Indian shrub of the anonaceous family, 

 now referred to the genus Miliusa by Drs. 

 Hooker and Thomson. [M. T. M.] 



HYAWABALLI. The Zebra wood of 

 Guiana. 



HYBERNACULUM. The same as Hiber 

 naculum. 



HYBERNAL. Of or belonging to the 

 winter. 



HYBRIDS, HYBRIDS. Plants obtained 

 by applying the pollen of one species to the 

 stigma of another. 



HYDNEI. A natural order of hymeno- 

 mycetous Fungi, distinguished by the hy- 

 menium being broken up into flat teeth, or 

 variously flattened into spines, tubercles, 

 granules, &c. Irpex, which has flat teeth, is 

 sometimes with difficulty distinguished 

 from certain states of Polyporei, but in the 

 more genuine members of the order which 

 on the other side is confluent with Auricu- 

 larini, the peculiar characters are at once 

 evident. Hydnum gelatinosum has the sub- 

 stance and nearly the structure of Tremella. 

 The species are mostly inhabitants of the 

 northern hemisphere, though a few have 

 been found in Australia and the southern 

 regions. [M. J. B.] 



HYDNOCARPTJS. One of the four genera 

 belonging to the poisonous order Pan- 



giacece. It consists of six species, all of 

 which are trees, sometimes attaining a 

 large size, and natives of India. The leaves 

 are alternate, oblong lance-shaped, gene- 

 rally somewhat unequal-sided ; and the 

 flowers are of separate sexes borne on 

 distinct trees : in both having five sepals 

 and Ave petals, with an equal number of 

 scales opposite them. The fruit is one- 

 celled, with a hard corky rind, and contains 

 numerous irregularly angled seeds, with 

 thick roughish shells, lying in pulp. 



H. venenata (or H. inebrians, as it is 

 sometimes called) is a large tree, native of 

 Ceylon (where it is called Makooloo) and 

 of the Malabar coast of India. Its fruit, 

 which is about the size of an apple and 

 covered with a brown velvety down, is 

 very poisonous, and is used by the Sing- 

 halese for intoxicating fish, but the fish 

 taken thus are not fit for human food. • The 

 seeds contain a quantity of fatty oil, 

 which is expressed and used by the native 

 Indian doctors as a cure for leprosy and 

 other cutaneous complaints, for which 

 purpose it is greatly esteemed. [A. S.] 



HYDNOPHYTUM. A genus of cincho- 

 naceous shrubs, inhabiting the Molucca 

 Islands. They are described as being of 

 parasitic habit and frequently dilated at 

 the base, so as to form a cavity, made use 

 of by ants as a nest. The flowers have an 

 inferior calyx with an undivided margin, 

 a f our-lobed corolla, with a short tube, into 

 the throat of which the stamens are in- 

 serted. The fruit is fleshy with two one- 

 seeded stones. [M. T. M.] 



HYDNORA. A genus of curious fun- 

 gus-like leafless plants of the order Cyti- 

 nacece, found in South Africa, parasitical 

 on the roots of succulent euphorbias and 

 other plants. H. africana, called Jackal's 

 kost, is said to smell like decaying roast- 

 beef or some fungus, and to be eaten, when 

 roasted, by the African savages. The plant 

 consists of a large succulent hermaphro- 

 dite solitary, tubulose, trifld flower, borne 

 on a creeping rhizome ; and this flower is 

 succeeded by a globose, baccate, many- 

 seeded fruit. The plant may be compared 

 with Oeaster, or some such half-buried 

 fungus. [T. MJ 



HYDNUM. A genus of hymenomyce- 

 tous Fungi, varying greatly in substance, 

 but distinguished by the hymenium con- 

 sisting of prickles projecting from the 

 pileus. These differ very much in length. 

 Occasionally they are variously cleft or 

 laciniate. Many of the species are of a 

 large size, and supported by a central stem, 

 or much branched with the divisions con- 

 nate, so as to make a kind of coarse network. 

 H. repandum, which is common in woods, 

 where it sometimes occurs in scattered 

 patches, and sometimes in large rings, af- 

 fords an excellent article of food if care- 

 fully dressed, and is scarcely exceeded in 

 delicacy by any fungus. The specimens 

 must be quite fresh and free from insects, 

 and after being sliced into hot water, 

 and gently pressed, should either be care- 



