6S1 



Oje ©mtfurs of 23Dtanj). 



[lili 



placed on long stalks, which are grouped 

 together in cymes, and are further distin- 

 guished by the number of stamens, and 

 the smooth, not ribbed capsule, whose 

 valves are of equal size. [M. T. M.] 



LIGHTFOOTIA. A genus of bellworts, 

 having the filaments of the anthers broad 

 and ciliated at the lower part, and the style 

 beardless, its summit short, and with nar- 

 row divisions. The species are mostly 

 small shrubs, and natives of the Cape, 

 with small stalkless leaves which are alter- 

 nate or opposite. The name was given in 

 honour of the Rev. J. Lightfoot, author of 

 a Flora of Scotland. [G. D.] 



LIGHTTVOOD. Acacia Melanoxylon ; also 

 Ce ratop etalum apetalum. 



LIGN-ALOES. The fragrant wood of 

 Aloexylum Agallochum. 



LIGNEOUS, LIGNOSE. Having the 

 texture of wood ; of or belonging to wood. 



LIGNUM. The wood ; that central part 

 of a stem which lies below the hark, or its 

 equivalent, the cortical integument. 



LIGNUM CAMPECHIANUM. Logwood 

 - COLUBRINUM. A drug obtained from 

 Strychnos ligustrina, and perhaps other 

 species. — RHODIUM. The wood of 

 Amyris balsamifera. — VTT.E. The wood 

 of Guaiacum officinale, or perhaps of other 

 species. of New South "Wales. Aca- 

 cia falcata. of New Zealand. Metro- 



sideros buxifolia. , BASTARD. Badiera 



diversifolia. 



LIGULE. A strap. The radiant florets 

 of certain composites ; also the membrane 

 which occurs at the base of the lamina of 

 a grass-leaf ; also certain appendages found 

 on the coronet of some asclepiarts, alter- 

 nating with the horns and spreading over 

 the corolla. 



LIGULARIA. A genus of Compositce, 

 closely allied in habit and character to 

 Senecio, and scarcely differing from some 

 of the large-flowered herbaceous species, 

 except in a tendency of the ray-florets to 

 assume a bilabiate form, and in the an- 

 thers to have points at the base. The 

 species are all natives of the mountainous 

 regions of Asia, and have been more gene- 

 rally known as species of Cineraria or of 

 Senecio. One only, L. sibirica, extends 

 into the mountains of central Europe. It 

 is a showy marsh plant, with broadly 

 cordate leaves, and large yellow radiating 

 flower-heads, in a simple terminal spike. 



LIGULATE. Strap-shaped; narrow, mo- 

 derately long, with the two margins 

 parallel. 



LIGULIFLOR^. A name applied to 

 a suborder of Composite?, in which all the 

 florets in the head of flowers are ligu- 

 late, and each of the florets has stamens 

 and pistil. This suborder corresponds to 

 the Cichoracea of Jussieu. [J. H. B.] 



LIGULIFLOROUS. Having a capitulum 

 composed exclusively of ligulate florets. 



LIGUSTICUM. A genus of umbellifers, 

 having the fruit nearly round, each half 

 of it -with five sharp ribs, and numerous 

 oil-vessels in the furrows. The species 

 are perennial herbs, widely distributed, 

 being found, some in North America, 

 others in central Asia. L. scoticum, a na- 

 tive of many parts of the British coasts, is 

 sometimes used as a potherb. [G. D.] 



LIGUSTRUM. The common Privet of 

 our hedges is the most familiar and only 

 European representative of this genus of 

 Oleaceo?, but there are about twenty other 

 species, which belong principally to China, 

 Japan, and Northern India. They are 

 mostly large shrubs from six to ten feet 

 high, but some form trees, which in India 

 attain a considerable height. They have 

 opposite entire leaves, usually oblong egg- 

 shaped or lanceolate ; and the flowers are 

 small and white, disposed in thyrse-like 

 panicles at the ends of the young branches ; 

 they have a cup-shaped deciduous four- 

 toothed calyx, and a funnel-shaped four- 

 lobed corolla; and thefruit is globular, and 

 contains two one-seeded cells. 



L. vtdgare, the common Privet, a native 

 of most parts of Europe, is otherwise called 

 Prim or Prim-print, in consequence of one 

 of its chief uses being for the formation of 

 hedges in ornamental gardens, owing to 

 its bearing clipping or being kept in prim 

 order without injury; and its generic name 

 is said to be derived from the Latin ligo, 

 to tie, on account of the long straight 

 shoots being used in many places instead 

 of osiers for tying, &c. It seldom grows 

 higher than eight or ten feet, and has a 

 short crooked trunk ; but its wood is only 

 large enough for turnery purposes, for 

 which its hardness and whiteness render 

 it suitable. Its purplish-black berries, 

 which during winter afford food for many 

 kinds of birds, yield an oil by pressure, 

 and their juice is used in Germany for 

 painting playing-cards and similar articles, 

 and in other countries for colouring infe- 

 rior descriptions of port wine. A bitter 

 extract called Vigustrine is obtained from 

 the bark; and in Belgium the dried and 

 powdered twigs > are used for tanning 

 purposes. [A. S.J 



LILAC. Pale dull violet, mixed a little 

 with white. 



LILAC. Syringavulgaris. —.AFRICAN. 

 Melia Azedarach. —, AUSTRALIAN. A 

 name used by the settlers for Harden- 

 bergia monophylla; also Prostanihera vio- 

 lacea. — , INDIAN. Melia semperflorens. 

 —, PERSIAN. Syringa persica. 



LTLAS. (Fr.) Syringavulgaris. -DE 

 MARLY. Syringa purpurea. — DE 

 ROUEN. Syringa dubia. — DES INDES. 

 Melia Azedarach. — DE TERRE or TER- 

 RESTRE. Muscari monstrosum. — 

 VARIN. Syringa dubia. 



LILIACE^E. (Hemerocallidece, Tulipacem, 

 Coronarice, Asphodelece, Asparagineat, Con- 

 vallariacea? , Lily worts, &c.) A natural order 

 of monocotyledonous plants belonging to 



