LINA 



EIjc Crcagurg nf 230tanp. 



684 



LINACEiE. {Linecp, Flaxworts.) A na- 

 tural order of dicotyledonous plants be- 

 longing to Lindley's geranial alliance of 

 hypogynous Exogens. Herbs with entire, 

 sessile, alternate opposite or verticillate 

 leaves, which are exstipulate, or which 

 have occasionally a pair of minute glands 

 at the base. Flowers regular and symme- 

 trical ; sepals three to five, imbricate ; 

 petals three to five, contorted in aestiva- 

 tion ; stamens united at the base, three 

 to five, usually with intermediate abortive 

 ones in the form of teeth opposite the 

 petals ; ovary three to five-celled ; styles 

 three to five. Fruit six to ten-celled ; seeds 

 one in each cell ; embryo straight. Abun- 

 dant in Europe and North Africa. The 

 plants yield mucilage and fibre. Flax and 

 linseed are procured from Linum usitatia- 

 simum. There are four genera and about 

 ninety species. [J. H. B.] 



LINAIGRETTE. (Fr.) Eriophorum. 



LINARIA. A genus of herbaceous 

 plants belonging to the Scrophulariaceoe, 

 among which they are well marked by their 

 personate corolla (the mouth of which is 

 closed by a prominent palate), spurred at 

 the base, and by the capsule opening with 

 teeth at the extremity. The most common 

 English species \sL. vulgaris, Yellow Toad- 

 flax, characterised by erect stems one to 

 two feet high, numerous glaucous linear 

 leaves resembling those of flax, and ter- 

 minal racemes of crowded yellow and 

 orange flowers. A singular variety of 

 this species, named Peloria, is sometimes 

 found with five spurs and regular flowers. 

 L. Cymbalaria, Ivy- leaved Toadflax orMo- 

 ther-of-thousands, is frequent on ruins and 

 old garden walls. Among the cultivated 

 kinds L. speciosa is a popular border an- 

 nual ; and L. triornithophora is remarkable 

 for the singular form of the flowers, which 

 resemble, as its trivial name indicates, 

 three birds seated in the spur. French, Li- 

 naire ; German, Flackskraut. [C. A. J.J 



LINCONIA. A genus of bruniads, hav- 

 ing the border of the calyx in five smooth 

 short divisions ; the corolla of five lanceo- 

 late pieces, folded and concealing the five 

 stamens, the anthers of which have the 

 two halves separated at the base ; and the 

 seed-vessel with two cells, each of which 

 is usually two-seeded. The species are na- 

 tives of the Cape, with the habit of heaths, 

 the branches numerous and erect,the leaves 

 spirally arranged, and the flowers solitary 

 in the axils of the upper leaves. [G. D.] 



LINDACKERIA. Mayna. 



LINDELOFIA. A genus of Boraginacece 

 from Kashmir, consisting of biennial or 

 perennial plants with the habit of Anchusa, 

 but an ovary like that of Cynoglossum or 

 Omphalodes. The corolla is blue or purplish, 

 funnel-shaped, with along tube and erecto- 

 patent five-parted limb, the throat open, 

 with five erect notched smooth scales. The 

 nuts are depressed ovate-deltoid, rough or 

 prickly margined, with a border of long 

 hooked prickles. [J. T. S.] 



LINDEN. The Lime tree, Tilia europcea. 



LINDENBERGIA. A genus of Scrophu- 

 lariacece of the tribe Gratiolece, consisting 

 of annual or perennial herbs, of a weedy 

 aspect, usually more or less hairy, and 

 allied in the shape of their flowers to 

 Mimulus, with the stamens of Stemodia. 

 The leaves, at least the lower ones, are 

 opposite, the flowers yellow or purplish, 

 either solitary in the axils of the leaves or 

 forming terminal spikes ; the calyx is five- 

 cleft ; the corolla is tubular, with an erect 

 notched upper lip, and a large spreading 

 lower lip with a convex palate ; the sta- 

 mens are didynamous, the cells of the an- 

 thers distinct from each other and stipitate. 

 The capsule opens loculicidally in two 

 valves. There are eight species known, 

 natives of the warmer parts of Asia and 

 Eastern Africa. 



LINDENBLOOMS. Lindley's name for 

 the Tiliacece. 



LINDENIA. A genus of cinchonaceous 

 plants, represented by a shrub, native of 

 Guatemala. The flowers are arranged in 

 terminal corymbs, with oblong bracts. The 

 calyx tube is roundish, marked by five ribs, 

 its limb divided into five narrow erect seg- 

 ments ; the corolla is salver-shaped, with 

 a very long tube, the limb with Ave oblong 

 spreading lobes; anthers five, sessile ; cap- 

 sule two-celled, crowned by the limb of 

 the calyx. The genus differs from Angus- 

 tea in the long slender cylindrical tube of 

 the corolla, and in its smooth style. L. 

 rivalis is a stove evergreen with large 

 handsome white flowers. The genus is de- 

 dicated to M. Linden, a horticulturist of 

 Brussels. [M. T. M.] 



BINDER A. See Benzoin. The name 

 Lindera is, however, preferred by Meisner, 

 to whom we owe the most recent account 

 of the Lauracew, and who includes under 

 it about a dozen species. 



LINDERNIA pyxidaria is a small Eu- 

 ropean annual, forming a genus of Scro- 

 phulariacece of the tribe Gratiolece, and the 

 type of a subtribe distinguished by the 

 valves of the capsule being entire and 

 parallel to the dissepiment. It is much 

 branched, quite glabrous, and seldom at- 

 tains six inches in height. The leaves are 

 small, opposite and entire ; the flowers 

 small, pale pink or white, on axillary pe- 

 duncles ; the stamens didynamous, with 

 arched filaments ; the two-celled anthers 

 cohering in pairs. It is a marsh plant, not 

 uncommon in some parts of the continent, 

 but not extending to Britain. It is named 

 after Lindern, a Swiss botanist. 



LINDHEIMERA. A genus of Compositce 

 allied to Melampodium, Berlandiera, and 

 Engelmannia, consisting of a single Texan 

 species, an erect dichotomous herb, with 

 showy yellow radiating flower-heads on 

 long slender peduncles. The involucre 

 has four or five outer leaflike bracts, and 

 as many internal fiat oblong ones. The 

 achenes of the ray are winged, with a short 

 two-toothed pappus, those of the disk 



