by breaking up, beating, and re-pressing ! 

 trie marc or cake left after the last process. 

 It is a non-drying oil, but by boiling with ! 

 sugar of lead, red-lead, or white vitriol, it 

 is converted into a drying oil fit for the ! 

 use of painters, by whom it is most ex- ! 

 tensively employed. The cake is greatly 

 valued by agriculturists for feeding pur- 

 poses, and in addition to that made in this | 

 country, large importations are received j 

 from abroad, mainly from the United 

 States. [A. S.] 



LIONDENT. (Fr/> Leontodon. 



LION'8-EAR. A common name in the 

 Andes for some species of Culcitium ; also 

 Espeletia, and Leonotis. 



LIOX'3-FOOT. Leontppodium ; also Hy- 

 menomena Tournefortii, Alchemilla vul- 

 garis, Xabalus Fraseri, and N. serpentarius. 



LIONS-LEAF. Leontice, especially L. 

 Leontopetalon. 



LIONS-PAW. Alchemilla vulgaris. 



LIONS-TAIL. Leonotis Leonurus. 



LIONS-TOOTH. Leontodon. 



L1PARIA. A genus of Leguminosce of 

 the suborder Papilionacea? and tribe Li- 

 pariew, consisting of South African shrubs, 

 with undivided alternate lanceolate rigid 

 and pungentleaves, and bright yellow flow- 

 ers in terminal heads. The genus differs 

 from Priestleya chiefly in the lowest divi- 

 sion of the calyx, which is much larger than 

 the others, being coloured and petal-like. 

 There are three or four species, amongst 

 which L. spharrica is remarkable for the 

 dense nodding flower-heads, fully three 

 or four inches in diameter. 



LIPARIS. This genus of small- flowered 

 orchids consists of about an equal number 

 of terrestrial and epiphytal herbs, and is 

 distinguished among the malaxideous ge- 

 nera by theirfour collateral pollen-masses, 

 r.nd by their free lateral sepals, entire 

 lip plane at the base, and elongated semi-* 

 terete column. One or two are European 

 or North American, but the majority are 

 Indian or Javanese. [T. M.] 



LIPOCTL3STA. A genus of Composite, of 

 the tribe Helianthece, and very nearly allied 

 to the opposite-leaved Verbesina, distin- 

 guished chiefly by the achenes, which are 

 scarcely winged, those of the ray having 

 usually three angles and short awns, whilst 

 those of the disk have only two and are 

 often abortive. There are about ten spe- 

 cies, natives of the Sandwich Islands, and 

 an eleventh from the Galapagos, which has 

 been published under the name of Maercea. 

 They are all rough or hoary herbs or under- 

 shrubs of little interest or beauty. 



LIPPIA. A large genus of Verbenacece, 

 containing nearly a hundred species, na- 

 tives of America. They are herbs or 

 shrubs, generally with glands containing 

 an aromatic volatile oil, simple opposite 

 or verticillate leaves, and small flowers in 

 heads or spikes. The calyx is two or four- 



toothed or two-lipped ; the corolla strongly 

 two-lipped, with the upper lip notched and 

 the lower much larger and three-lobed; 

 the stamens included ; the ovary two-celled 

 surmounted by a capitate stigma. The 

 small capsular fruit is two-celled and two- 

 seeded. [W. c.j 



LIQUIDAMBAR. A genus of Altin- 

 giacece, consisting of trees, with alternate 

 petiolate stipuled leaves, and unisexual 

 flowers in catkins. The flowers are monoe- 

 cious, surrounded by a four-leaved decidu- 

 ous involucre ; the male catkins conical or 

 subglobular with numerous anthers ; the 

 female subglobular, surrounded by scales ; 

 ovary two-celled, with numerous ovules, 

 the fruit forming a sort of strobilus. They 

 are natives of North America, Java, and 

 Asia Minor. [J. H. B.] 



LIQUIDAMBAR COPAL. (Frj Liquid- 

 ambar styraciflua. — A FEUILLES DE 

 CF/TERACH. Comptonia asplenifolia. — 

 DU LEVANT. Liquidambar orientate. 



LIQUIRITIA. Glycyrrhiza. 



LIQUOR AMNIOS. The fluid that is 

 contained in the sac within which the em- 

 bryo is engendered. 



LIQUORICE. Glycyrrhiza glabra. — , 

 WILD. Abrus ; also an American name 

 for Galium circazans. 



LIRELLA. A linear shield with a fur- 

 row along its middle, in such lichens as 

 Opegrapha. 



LIRICONFANCT. Convallaria majalis. 



LIRIODENDRON. A name derived from 

 the Greek words signifying Lily-tree, and 

 applied to a genus of Magnoliacece, the 

 only representative of which is the well- 

 known Tulip-tree of North America. This 

 tree attains a height of 140 feet in America, 



Liriodendron tulipiferum. 



and of 50 to 100 feet in this country. The 

 bark is smooth, the leaves large, bright 

 green, truncate at the point, four-Iobed 

 and somewhat like a saddle in shape ; hence 

 the tree is sometimes spoken of as the 



