live] 



Cfje toagurg of Watmiy. 



690 



LIVER-LEAP. Hepatica. 



LIVERWORT. Marchantia polymorpha. 

 —, GROUND. The herbalists' name for 

 Peltidea canina, Dr. Mead's once celebrated 

 remedy for hydrophobia. — , NOBLE. He- 

 patica triloba. 



LIVERWORTS. Lindley's name for the 

 Marchcmtiacece. 



LIVID. Clouded with intermingled grey- 

 ish brownish and bluish tints. 



LIVISTONA. The geographical range of 

 this genus of palms extends from UpperAs- 

 sam and Southern China, through Malacca 

 and the islands of the Indian Archipelago, 

 to the continent of Australia, reaching as 

 far south as the colony of Victoria. Of the 

 eight or ten known species, two are noble 

 trees attaining the height of eighty or a 

 hundred feet, while the others seldom ex- 

 ceed twenty or thirty feet. Their leaves 

 are terminal and fan-shaped, divided into 

 numerous segments, which are split at the 

 apex, and frequently have threads hanging 

 between them, while the footstalks are 

 sheathed at the base in a mass of netted 

 fibres, and are often prickly along the edges. 

 Their branching flower-spikes grow out 

 from amongst the leaves, and have several 

 incomplete leathery spathes surrounding 

 their stalks. The flowers have a three-cut 

 calyx, and a three-parted corolla, and are 

 all perfect. The fruits are dry and one- 

 seeded. 



L. australis, also called Corypha australis, 

 is ore of the few palms belonging to the 

 Australian continent, and is principally 

 found along the east coast to as far as 

 latitude 37° S. It is the tallest of the spe- 

 cies, occasionally attaining upwards of a 

 hundred feet in height, with a trunk about 

 a foot in diameter. Its unexpanded leaves, 

 prepared by being scalded and then dried 

 in the shade, are used for making hats ; 

 while the still younger and more tender 

 leaves are eaten like cabbages. In Assam 

 the leaves of L. Jenkinsiana, the Toko Pat 

 of the natives, are used for making the pe- 

 culiar umbrella hats worn in that country, 

 and also for thatching roofs, &c. [A. S.] 



LIZARD'S HERB. Goniophlebium trilo- 

 buin. 



LIZARD'S TAIL. Saururus. 



LIZARD'S TONGUE. Sauroglossum. 



LLAVEA. A very interesting genus of 

 polypodiaceous ferns, belonging to the sec- 

 tion Platylomece, and sometimes known by 

 the name Ceratodactvlis. The only species, 

 L. cordifolia, has tripinnate glaucescent 

 fronds, the lower parts of which have 

 broadly cordate-ovate sterile pinnules, and 

 the upper parts long linear siliquiform 

 fertile ones, forming a marked contrast to 

 each other. The soriare in simple or fork- 

 ed contiguous lines near the ends of the 

 free veins, the frond-margin being some- 

 what revolute and attenuated, so as to be- 

 come a spurious indusium. The plant is 

 Mexican, and is found at considerable 

 elevations. [T. M.] 



LLITHI, or LITHRI. Lithrcea caustica. 



LLOYDIA. A liliaceous plant, from Ave 

 to six inches high, with flowers composed 

 of six nearly equal spreading persistent 

 petals, or rather sepals, which are white, 

 veined with red or green ; stamens not 

 bearded, the anthers and style erect. ' The 

 flower-stalk is invested with its own sheath, 

 and separated by an elongation of the root 

 from the leaves, of which the most distant 

 encloses within its fleshy base the rudi- 

 ment of the plant of the following season. 

 The plant is increased by offsets or creep- 

 ing shoots with a bulb at the extremity, 

 the point of the bulb being directed to- 

 wards the parent root.' L. serotina was 

 named in honour of Mr. Edward Lloyd, who 

 first discovered the plant on the higher 

 mountains of North Wales. [C. A. J.] 



LOASACE-^. {Loasece, Loasads.~) A na- 

 tural order of dicotyledonous plants be- 

 longing to Lindley's cactal alliance of 

 epifxynous Exogens. Herbs with rigid or 

 stinging hairs, opposite or alternate exsti- 

 pulate leaves, and showy flowers. Calyx 

 adherent ; limb four to five-parted ; petals 

 Ave or ten, often hooded; stamens nu- 

 merous, distinct or united in bundles; 

 ovary one-celled, with several parietal 

 placentas ; style single. Pruit capsular or 

 succulent; seeds albuminous. American 

 plants, some of which from their stinging 

 qualities are called Chili Nettles. There 

 are about a score of genera, of which Loasa 

 is the best known. [J. H. B.] 



LOASA. The typical genus of Loasacece, 

 and one of those having ten petals in a 

 double series, the five inner or smaller of 

 which in this case are furnished with 

 three bristles on their backs. It is best 

 distinguished from the allied ten-petaled 

 genera by its trifid stigma, with acute 

 I conniving lobes ; and by its capsules open- 

 ing by three valves at their shortly ex- 

 serted summits. All the species belong to 

 I the cool regions of Peru and Chili, and 

 j thrive in the open air during summer in 

 this country, several being grown in our 

 gardens on account of their conspicuous 

 ! yellow or orange flowers. Many are furnish- 

 1 ed with bristly hairs secreting an acrid 

 fluid, and inflict a sharp sting when incau- 

 I tiously handled. [A. S.] 



! LOBBIA. A genus of Aristnlochiacece, 

 named after Mr. Lobb, a botanical traveller, 



j and comprising a climbing pepper-like 

 shrub, with wavy knotted branches, stalk- 

 ed leaves without stipules, and pendulous 

 spikes of flowers placed on a thread-like 

 four-sided receptacle. The perianth is 

 brownish-red, bell-shaped, with a three- 

 lobed limb, the tube having a prominent 

 rim running round the interior ; stamens 

 sixteen to eighteen, inserted on a disk sur- 

 mounting the ovary, and united with the 

 base of the style, the filaments free ; ovary 

 inferior, linear, four celled. The shrub is 

 a native of Singapore. [M. T. M.] 



LOBE BERRY. A common name for 



Coccoloba. 



