699 



€\)c Creatfttrg of Staking. 



[lust 



I Bentham's recent revision, there are four 

 species of this genus. [B. SJ 



I LUXARIA. A genus of Cruciferce na- 

 tives of Central and Southern Europe, and 

 | consisting of tall biennials or perennials 

 i with erect stems, large alternate or op- 

 posite cordate-acuminate leaves, and ter- 

 , minal racemes of large purple flowers hav- 

 > tag the two outer calyx segments bulging 

 at the base. The pouch is very large, stalk- 

 ed, oval or oblong, flattened in the direction 

 I of the back, the partition silvery. L. bien- 

 nis is the Honesty of gardens. [J. T. S.] 



LUXARIE. Botrychium Lunaria. 



LUSTATE (dim. LUNULATE). Crescent- 

 shaped. 



LUNETIERE. (Fr.) Biscutella. 

 LUNG-FLOWER. Gentiana Pneumon- 

 anthe. 



LUNGS-OF-THE-OAK. Sticta pulmo- 

 nacea. 



LUNGWORT. A name given to Sticta 

 pulmonacea, a lichen which in moist sub- 

 alpine countries grows abundantly on the 

 trunks of trees. It is occasionally used, 

 like Iceland moss, in diseases of the lungs, 

 and for other medical purposes. It is also 

 said to be employed in Siberia as a substi- 

 tute for hops. The name is also given to 

 Pulmonaria officinalis and Hieracium pul- 

 monarium. — , BULLOCK'S. Verbascum 

 Thapsus. — , SMOOTH. Mertensia. — , 

 TREE. Sticta pulmonacea. 



LUNULARIA. A remarkable genus of 

 Marchantiacew, belonging to the natural 

 order Lunulariece, with crescent-shaped in- 

 volucres to the geminjB, and a pedunculate 

 capitate fruit, which consists of four cap- 

 sules, each of them surrounded by a pro- 

 per involucre, and opening, like that of a 

 Jungermannia, with four valves. L. vul- 

 garis has been found both in England and 

 Ireland, but is more common southward. 

 It occurs also in Chili. [M. J. B.J 



LTTPIIfASTEK. A section of Trifolium, 

 characterised by having large red white or 

 yellow flowers in heads, with coriaceous 

 persistent petals, and subulate erect calyx 

 segments. The leaves are composed of 

 from three to seven coriaceous leaflets, 

 with numerous veins. 



LUPINE. Lupinus. — , BASTARD. Tri- 

 folium Lupinaster. — , SMALL. Psoralea 

 Lupinella. 



LUPINUS. A genus of Leguminosee of 

 the suborder Papilionacece, tribe Genistece, 

 characterised chiefly by the two-lipped 

 calyx, monadelphous stamens, and the 

 keel-petal ending in a point or beak as in 

 Crotolo.ria, but differing from that genus 

 in the flattened pod. The species are very 

 numerous in America, especially towards 

 the western side, extending from Oregon 

 to South Chili, but more rare within the 

 tropics excepting in the mountainous 

 districts. In the Old World the genus is 

 confined to a few annual species in the 



countries bordering on the Mediterranean. 

 The species are all herbs or undershrubs. 

 The leaves consist of five or more digitate 

 leaflets, or in some species are simple and ' 

 entire ; the flowers are blue, white, purple 

 or yellow, in terminal racemes or spikesj ! 

 and often very handsome. 



The genus is one of the most puzzling to 

 botanists, who would distinguish its nume- 

 rous species by positive characters, and 

 cultivation appears in many instances to 

 obliterate those distinctions which may be 

 observed in the wild state. The following 

 are the most remarkable among thosef ound 

 in gardens : — L. albus, an annual attaining 

 two three or even four feet in height, with 

 five or seven leaflets to its leaves, and ra- 

 ther large white or pale-coloured flowers. 

 It is probably of Egyptian or East Mediter- 

 ranean origin, and has been cultivated 

 since the days of the ancient Egyptians. 

 It is now very extensively sown in Italy, 

 Sicily, and other Mediterranean countries 

 for forage, for ploughing in to enrich the 

 land, and for its round flat seeds, white out- 

 side but yellow internally, which when 

 boiled, so as to remove the bitter some- 

 I what deleterious principle, form a great 

 ' article of food in some districts. It used 

 also to be much grown in flower gardens, 

 together with L. luteus with sweet-scented 

 yellow flowers, and L. varius with different- 

 ly coloured flowers, but usually of a rich 

 blue, both of them annuals of Mediterra- 

 nean origin. These have now been mostly 

 superseded by some of the American and 

 especially Calif ornian kinds. Above a hun- 

 dred of these are known, and most of them 

 are ornamental. More than thirty have been 

 at different times introduced. L. arboreus, 

 from California and Oregon, will, when well 

 trained, produce a branching stem several 

 feet in height that will live through four 

 or five years, forming a trunk of light soft 

 wood of the thickness of a man's arm. 

 L. polyphyllus, and a few allied species 

 from the same country, are tall erect herba- 

 ceous perennials with very handsome richly 

 coloured spikes of flowers, which have be- 

 come permanent inmates of our gardens. 

 L. versicolor (or L. Cruikshanksii), a tall an- 

 nual from Peru, L. afflnis, L. nanus, &c, 

 Calif ornian annuals, are also now common 

 with us, and scarcely one of the genus can 

 be considered as worthless in a. flower 

 garden: 



LUPIS. The fine inner fibre of Musa 



textilis. 



LUPULINE. Waxy globules, resembling 

 pollen, found on the bracts of the female 

 flowers of the hop. 



LUPULINE. (Fr.) Medicago lupulina. 

 LUPULINOUS. Resembling a head of 

 hops. 



LURID. Dirty brown, a little clouded. 



LUS-A-CHRASIS. The plant of gluttony, 

 Cornus suecica. 



LUSTRE D'EAU. (Fr.) Cham. 



LUSTWORT. Brosera. 



