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lichen-like frond, provided with numerous | 

 variously shaped leaves, and with terniinal 

 flowers. The fruit, by which it is known, 

 is a smooth cartilaginous capsule, burst- 

 ing into two unequal valves. [M. T. M.] 



MNIUM. A fine genus of mosses, sepa- 

 rated tromBryum on account of the habit, 

 rather than any essential differences in 

 the fruit. They are perennial, and con- 

 spicuous for their large size and broad 

 leaves, occurring in shady situations on 

 the ground, or on rocks. The innovations 

 do not spring generally, as in Bryum, from 

 beneath the fruit, but from the base. M. 

 punctatum is one of our finest mosses, and 

 is very striking, with its r-oundish entire 

 thick-margined leaves and handsome fruit. 

 It \a dio3cious, and by this character dis- 

 tinguished readily from M. subglobosuw, 

 which it closely resembles, though a stout- 

 er and stronger plant. M. undulatum, with 

 long strap-shaped leaves, is common, the 

 ornament of almost every wood; when 

 in fruit, which grows in tufts, but is rare, 

 it is extremely handsome. Mnium has its 

 headquarters in Europe ; it is rare else- 

 where. Two species occur in New Zea- 

 land. [M. J. B.] 



MOACHIBO. A name for the Cotton 

 plant in some of the Pacific islands. 



MOACURRA. A name given by Rox- 

 burgh to an East Indian tree which proves 

 to be a species of C'hailletia. 



MOC-MAIN. A Chinese name for Bom- 

 bax Ceiba. 



MODECCA. A genus of climbing shrubs 

 belonging to the Papayacece, natives of 

 tropical Asia and Africa, and having entire 

 or palmately lobed leaves, whose stalks are 

 glandular ; and axillary branched flower- 

 stalks, some of the branches being ten- 

 drils, while others bear small greenish 

 flowers. Altogether the general appear- 

 ance is not unlike that of bryony. The 

 genus is characterised by the flowers, 

 which are unisexual: the males have 

 four or five stamens inserted into the base 

 of the calyx, the filaments united below 

 into a membrane; and the females have 

 four or five sterile stamens united toge- 

 ther so as to form a stalk supporting the 

 ovary, which is one-celled and contains 

 numerous ovules; stigmas three, petal- 

 like ; capsule three-valved. M. palmata 

 and M. integrifolia are both said to be used 

 medicinally in tropical Asia. fM. T. M.] 



MODEL-WOOD. Nauclea cordifolia. 



MODIOLA. A Renus of Malvacece, closely 

 allied to Malva. The chief difference con- 

 sists in the column of stamens, which di- 

 vides above into five separate parcels, each 

 parcel consisting of about five filaments ; 

 and in the ovules, of which there are two, ; 

 attached to the inner angle of each carpel, 

 one above the other, and separated by a I 

 transverse partition. The species are low- | 

 growing herbs, with solitary or twin flower- | 

 stalks, bearing violet or red flowers, and 

 are natives of the southern and warmer 

 regions of America, [M. T. M.] i 



MODIOLIPORM. Shaped like the nave j 

 of a wheel, round, depressed, with a very | 

 narrow orifice ; as the ripe fruit of Gaul- 

 theria, or the carpels in Modiola. 



MODUGA. An Indian name for the \ 

 red dye flowers of Butea frondosa. 



MOENCHIA. Described as a genus by 

 Ehreuberg, but now reduced to a section 

 of Cerastium, distinguished by the divi- 

 sions of its flowers being nearly always in 

 fours, and by their petals being entire. 

 The name Moenchia is also a synonym of 

 Berteroa, a genus of cruciferous plants ; 

 and has, besides, been applied to the moly 

 section of the genus Allium. [A. S.] 



MOGORI SAMBAC. (Fr.) Jasminwm 

 Sambac. 



MOHA (or MOHA DE HONGRIE, Fr.) 

 Setaria italica. 



MOHAUT, or MOHOE. Paritium tilia- j 

 ceum. 



MOHO MOHO. A Peruvian name for 



Artanthe elongata. 



MOHRIA. A genus of polypodiaceous 

 ferns of the tribe Sch izceinece. It occurs in 

 South Africa and the Mascaren Islands, 

 and consists of a single species, M.tliuri- 

 fragra, an elegant bipinnate plant, with a 

 good deal the aspect of Woodsia obtusa, 

 but essentially different in the fructifica- j 

 tion. The sori are oligocarpous, and situ- | 

 ate near the revolute margins of the pin- i 

 nules, while the spore-cases have the many- I 

 rayed apical ring characteristic of the 

 schizceineous group. [T. M.] 



MOHRINGIA. A genus of Caryophyl- 

 lacece, allied to Arenaria, from which it 

 differs in the seeds, which have a strophiole 

 at the hilum. The flowers are pentamerous 

 or tetramerous, with the stamens twice as 

 many as the petals ; the styles two or three 

 (rarely four) ; and the capsule with twice ! 

 as many teeth as the styles. The common 

 British M. trinervis, and a few allied spe- \ 

 cies, agree only in respect to the stro- 

 phiole of the seed. [J. T. S.] 



MOINSON. (Fr.) Bunium Bulbocastanum. 



MOISISSURE. (Fr.) Mucor. 



MOKA, or MOKKA. An Indian name for 

 Maize. 



MOKMOKO. Bumex abyssinicus. 



MOLENE. (Fr.) Verbascum. 



MOLINIA. A genus of grasses belong- 

 ing to the tribe Festucece, the inflorescence 

 of which forms branchingpanicles ; spike- 

 lets two to five-flowered; pales acute, entire, 

 membranaceous, and hardening on the 

 seed. Of the three described species, one 

 is a native of Britain, M. ccerulea, the blue 

 Moor-grass; and this, though of little im- 

 portance, in an agricultural point of view, 

 where the superior grasses grow freely, 

 becomes valuable in many instances, in 

 consequence of its thriving on bleak wet 



