OILC] 



K\)t Ereagurj? of 33fltany. 



80S 



plied in the shops to Marjoram Oil. — , TO- 

 BACCO. A volatile poisonous oil distilled 

 from Nicotiana Tabacum. — , TONQUIN. 

 The expressed perfumery oil obtained 

 from the seeds of Dipterix odorata. — , 

 TUBEROSE. A perfumery oil obtained 

 by maceration from the flowers of Poli- 

 anthes tuberosa. — , TUMIKA. A con- 

 crete fixed oil obtained from the seeds 

 of the wild manprosteen, Biospyros Evibry- 

 opteris. — , TURPENTINE. The volatile 

 oil obtained by distillation from the resin- 

 ous juice of Firms sylvestris, maritima, 

 and other coniferous trees ; it is much used 

 in house-painting. — , UGGUR. An oil dis- 

 tilled from the wood of Aquilaria Agal- 

 locha, and esteemed for its perfume by the 

 Orientals. — , VALISALOO. The same as 

 Ram-til Oil. -, VERBENA. An essential 

 oil distilled from Aloysia citriodora ; also, 

 the same as Lemon-grass Oil. — , VE- 

 TIVER The same as Khus-khus Oil. — , 

 VIOLET. A perfumery oil obtained by 

 maceration from the flowers of Viola 

 odorata. —, WALNUT. The fixed drying 

 oil obtained from the kernels of Juglans 

 regia, valuable for domestic purposes. — , 

 WINTERGREEN. The aromatic volatile 

 oil obtained from the fruit of Gaultlieria 

 procumbens, used in medicine and by per- 

 fumers. — , WOOD. The balsam-like pro- 

 duct of Dipterocarpus turbinatus ; also 

 a product of Cldoroxylon Sivietenia. —, 

 WORMSEED. The volatile anthelmintic 

 oil obtained from Ambrina anthelmintica. 

 — , YAMADOU. The fixed oil expressed 

 from the seeds of Myristica sebifera. — , 

 ZAKKOUM. An oil obtained in Palestine 

 from Ekeagnus hortensis angustifolia. 



01 LCA KE. The residuum after express- 

 ing the oil of various seeds, especially lin- 

 seed and rape, which is used for cattle- 

 feeding, and as a manure. 



OILPLANT. Ses'anuan orientale. 



OIL-SEED. Guizotia oleifera ; also Rici- 

 nus communis. — , SIBERIAN. A Cana- 

 dian name for Camelina sativa. 



OILY-GRAIN. Sesamum. 



OKENIA* A genus of Nyctaginacea?, 

 named in honour of the German philoso- 

 pher Oken. The only species, O. hypogaa, 

 a native of Vera Cruz, has a prostrate stem, 

 viscid leaves, and solitary purple flowers, 

 enclosed within a thvee-leaved involucre. 

 The perianth has a regularly five-cleft 

 limb with notched segments, and from 

 fifteen to eighteen stamens, united at the 

 base. The fruit is marked with ten ribs, 

 and is enclosed within the hardened corky 

 base of the perianth. [M. T. M.] 



OKRA, orOKRO. Abelmoschus esculen- 

 tus. See also Ochra. 



OLACACE^E. {Olacineo?,Olacads). A na- 

 tural order of thalamifloral dicotyledons 

 belonging to Lindley's berberal alliance of 

 hypogynnus Exogens. Tropical or subtro- 

 pical trees or shrubs, with simple alternate 

 exstipulate leaves, which are, however, 

 sometimes abortive. Calyx small, gamo- 

 sepalous ; petals three to six, hypogynous, 



free, or adhering in pairs by means of the 

 stamens, valvate in aestivation; stamens hy- 

 pogynous, the fertile three to ten, alternate 

 with the petals, the sterile opposite to 

 them, inserted either upon the external 

 elevated margin, or outside the conspicu- 

 ousdisk ; ovary onetothreeorfour-eelled ; 

 ovules one to three, pendulous from a 

 eentral placenta ; fruit fleshy, one-celled, 

 one-seeded, indehiscent, often surrounded 

 by the enlarged calyx. [J. H. B.j 



OLAX. The typical genus of Olacacece, 

 containing about a dozen species, mostly 

 Asiatic and Australian. A few are small 

 trees, but the greater number are erect 

 or climbing sometimes thorny shrubs, 

 with entire smooth leaves, and small 

 whitish flowers either solitary or in short 

 axillary racemes. The calyx is cup-shaped 

 and very small at first, but it increases in 

 size and eventually entirely encloses the 

 ripe fruit ; the petals are either six, joined 

 in pairs by the fertile stamens cohering 

 between them, or five, four being in pairs, 

 and the fifth free ; three ,(rarely four or 

 five) of the stamens are fertile and five or 

 six sterile, the former being alternate with 

 and the latter opposite the petals to which 

 they all partly adhere ; and the free one- 

 celled ovary contains three ovules hanging 

 from the apex of a free central column, 

 and ripens into a dry one-seeded fruit. 



O. zeylanica is a small tree about twenty 

 feet high, abundant in the southern part 

 of Ceylon, where it is called Malla. Its 

 young branches are sharply angled and 

 marked with fine transverse wrinkles ; its 

 leaves egg-shaped, pointed, and smooth, 

 and its racemes consisting of a few short- 

 stalked flowers. The Cingalese eat the 

 leaves in their curries ; and use the wood, 

 which possesses a foetid smell and saltish 

 taste, in putrid fevers. [A. S.] 



OLDENLANDIA. Some botanists re- 

 gard this as a section of Hedyotis, while 

 others make it a separate genus, charac- 

 terised by the fruit not separating into two 

 carpels, but opening at the top in two 

 valves, bearing the partition in their cen- 

 tre. It is a very extensive group of Cin- 

 chonacea?, and is widely dispersed over 

 tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, 

 Australia, and tropical and temperate 

 America. The species are low spreading 

 herbaceous or rarely erect somewhat 

 shrubby plants, with opposite or whorled 

 leaves,having their stipules unitedwith the 

 leafstalks and usually fringed with several 

 bristles, and small flowers either solitary 

 or in clusters in the axils of the leaves or 

 rarely in terminal leafy panicles. The 

 calyx and corolla are four-lobed, the an- 

 thers protruding out of the corolla tube, 

 and the style entire or two-lobed. 



O. umbellata, the Chayroot plant, Is in its 

 wild state a low widely-spreading almost 

 stemless plant, but under cultivation it 

 assumes a more erect habit and grows six 

 or eight inches high. It is a biennial, with 

 narrow somewhat whorled leaves, and 

 small white flowers in short racemes, hav- 

 ing one to three-flowered stalks. Its long 



