palm] 



(£I)e Erra^uru of SSotang. 



838 



useful, supplying food, clothing, materials 

 for houses, and utensils of various kinds, 

 ropes, and oil. The palm-oil imported from 

 the West Coast of Africa is obtained by 

 bruising the fruits of Elteis guineensis and 

 E. melanococca. The betel-nut is the produce 

 of Areca Catechu, and from it an extract is 

 prepared of an astringent nature resem- 

 bling catechu. Fine sago is said to be pro- 

 cured from Sagus Icevis and S. Bnmpliii, 

 found in the eastern islands of the Indian 

 Ocean. Sago, as well as sugar and a kind 

 of palm-wine, are procured from Caryota 

 urens. The date-sugar of Bengal is the 

 produce of Phoenix sylvestris. Ceroxylon 

 or Iriartea andicola yields wax, which 

 forms a coating over its trunk. Copernicia 

 cerifera is another wax-palm. Calamus 

 Botang is used as cane under the name of 

 rattans. Calamus rudentum, the cable 

 cane, a native of the East Indies, Cochin- 

 China, and the Moluccas, grows sometimes 

 to the length of 500 feet. The fruit of 

 Attalea fnnifera is known by the name of 

 coquilla-nut, and its hard pericarp is used 

 for making umbrella-handles, &c. . The 

 spathe of Manicama sacc.ifp.ra comes off in 

 the form of a conical cap, and is used as a 

 covering for the head in the West Indies. 

 Chamcerops Jmmilis is the only European 

 species of palm. The doom-palm of Egypt 

 (llyphcene thebaica) has a trunk which di- 

 vides in a dichotomons manner; its peri- 

 carp is used as food, and has the taste of 

 gingerbread. In the parched districts be- 

 tween the rivers Dande and Zenza, in tro- 

 pical Africa, Welwitsch came upon a palm 

 forest five leagues in length, which con- 

 sisted exclusively of the crowded stems of 

 a branched palm belonging probably to 

 lliiphtme. Like most African palms, this 

 yields an excellent wine. Areca, Caryota, 

 Sagas, Borassus, Corypha, Phcp.nix, Cocos, 

 and Elceis are examples of the genera. 

 See Plates 7, 11, 12, 13, and 18 for illustra- 

 tions of this family. [J. H. B.] 



PALMA-CHRISTI. Bicinus communis. 



PALMATE. Having five lobes, the mid- 

 ribs of which meet in a common point, so 

 that the whole bears some resemblance to 

 a human hand ; as the leaf of the Maple. 



PALMATIFID. Cut halfway down in a 

 palmate manner. Palmatilobed means cut 

 into shallow divisions in a palmate manner ; 

 palmutiparted, or palmatisected, cut nearly 

 to the base in a palmate manner— a near 

 approach to digitate. 



PALM BUTTER. The same as Palm Oil. 



PALMIFORM, PALMATIFORM. When 

 numerous ribs of a leaf are arranged as in 

 the palmate form, radiating from the top 

 of the petiole. 



PALMINERVED. The same as Palm- 

 veined. 



PALMELLE.E. A natural order of green- 

 spored Alga?, characterised by the plants 

 being composed of free or merely conglo- 

 merated cells propagated by the organisa- 

 tion of their endochrome, which is mostly 



quaternary, and sometimes transformed 

 into zoospores. In some species, as P. 

 botryoides, though the propagation lakes 

 place by division of the endochrome, a por- 

 tion of the original hyaline stem always 

 separates at the same time, so that we have 

 a dichotomous structure. Theendochromes 

 are not always green : indeed, various co- 

 lours, as blue, yellow, &c, are assumed by 

 some of the more obscure species. Many 

 productions assigned to this order are 

 doubtless mere transitional states of higher 

 plants. The gonidia of some of the gela- 

 tinous lichens are multiplied like Palmella 

 and Hcematococcus, while the greater part 

 follow Nostochinea. Protococcus nivalis, 

 or the Red Snow, is one of the most gene- 

 rally known examples of the order, though 

 several, like the bloodstains at the base of 

 walls, Protococcus crueutus, are amongst 

 the commonest Alga?. [M. J. B.] 



PALMETTO. A common name for se- 

 veral of the Fan-palms, but especially Sa- 

 bal Palmetto. — , HUMBLE. Carladovica 

 insignis. — , ROYAL. Thrinax parmflora. 

 and Sabal umbraculifera. — , SILVER- 

 LEAVED. Thrinax argentea. — , SMALL. 

 Carludovica. 



PALMIER A EVENTAIL, or P. NAIN- 

 (Fr.) Chamcerops humilis. 



PALMISTE. (Fr.) Chama>rops. 



PALM-VEINED. Having the principal 

 veins radiating from a common point. 



PALMYRA-WOOD. A name given to 

 the woody parts of the trunks of Cocos nu- 

 cifera and Borassus flabelliformis. 



\ PALO. A diuretic extract obtained from 

 Tinospora cordijolia. — BLANCO. A Chi- 

 lian name for Flotovia diacanthoides. — 

 COTO. Sargassum bacci/erum, and other 

 South American seaweeds. — DE BUBA. 

 Jacaranda fllicifolia. — DE CRUZ. Brow- 

 nea grandiceps*. — DE LOS BRUJOS. Ly- 

 cioplesium pubijlorum. — DE PAN, Ar- 

 tocarpus incisa. — DE SAN JUAN. La- 

 sionema roseum. — DE VACA. Brosimum 

 Galactodendron. — DE VELAS. Parmen- 

 tiera cereifera. — MATO. Lycioplesium 

 piibiflorinn, the Tree of the Magicians. 

 — NEGRO. Euxenia grata. — SANTO. A 

 Paraguay name for Lignum-vitae. 



PALOMBINA. A sort of grape culti- 

 vated in Italy. 



PALOMMIER. (Fr.) Gaultheria. 



PALSYWORT. ' Primula veris. 



PALUDOSE, PALUSTRIS. Growing in 

 marshy places. 



PALUNG. An Indian name for a native 

 Beetroot. 



PALUNGEO. An Indian name for the 

 fibre of Hibiscus cannabinus. 



PAMELLE. (Fr.) Hordeum distichon. 



PAMEROON-BARK. Moschoxylon Swart- 



PAMPELMOUSE, or POMPELMOOSE. 



