PAND 



QL\)z Ciratfurji of SSatang. 



840 



ers, covering the whole of the spadix. Pe- 

 rianth none, or a few scales. Male flowers : 

 stamens numerous ; filaments with single 

 two to four-celled anthers. Female flow- 

 ers : ovaries one-celled, united in parcels ; 

 the ovules solitary or numerous, and the 

 stigmas sessile, equal to the carpels in 

 number. Fruit either fibrous drupes col- 

 lected into parcels, orberries ; seeds solitary 

 in the drupes, numerous in the berries ; 

 embryo minute. They are natives of tro- 

 pical regions, and are arranged in two sec- 

 tions -.—PandanecB, with undivided leaves 

 and no perianth ; and Cyclanthece, with fan- 

 shaped or pinnate leaves, and scaly flowers. 

 The limits of the genera are not very clear- 

 ly settled, but examples occur in Carlu- 

 dovica, Pandanus, and Nipa. The flowers 

 of some of the plants are fragrant ; the 

 seeds of Pandanus are used as food ; and 

 the juice has in some instances astringent 

 properties. [J. H. B.] 



PANDANUS. One of thetwo simple-leav- 

 ed genera olPandanacece, and the principal 

 genus of the order. It is distinguished by 

 its male and female flowers being always 

 on separate plants ; and by the male inflo- 

 rescence being a compound spadix made 

 up of a number of short catkin-like spikes, 

 each of which bears an immense number 

 of little naked flowers, with indefinite sta- 

 mens ; and the female a globular or oblong 

 head consisting of very numerous closely- 

 packed ovaries, each containing a single 

 ovule. There are a considerable number 

 of species, perhaps thirty or more, all of 

 which are confined to the eastern hemi- 

 sphere, and a very large proportion of them 

 to the islands of the Indian Archipelago. 

 and the Blascaren Islands, abounding prin : 

 cipally in the vicinity of the sea, and some- 

 times covering large tracts of country 



Pandanus utilis. 



with an almost impenetrable mass of vege- 

 tation. Some grow to a large size, form- 

 ing trees with much-branched stems, the 

 latter being an uncommon circumstance 

 amongst trees of the orders to which the 

 Pandanaceo? are allied. The majority, how- 

 ever, are large bushes about ten or fifteen 

 feet. high. Their leaves— which are very 

 long and narrow, tough and leathery, and 

 armed along the midrib and edges with 



sharp recurved prickles— are arranged in a 

 triple spiral series towards the ends of the 

 branches, forming dense tufts or crowns ; 

 it is from their resemblance to those of 

 the pine-apple that the name Screwpine is 

 derived. The lower parts of the branches 

 and stem are naked, but densely marked 

 with the annular scars left by the clasping 

 bases of fallen leaves. Their fruits con- 

 sist of a number of wedge-shaped clusters 

 of drupes congregated into often large 

 cone-like heads. 



The. species of Pandanus are remark- 

 able for their aerial roots, with large 

 cup-like spongioles. P. Candelabrum is 1 

 the Chandelier-tree of Guiana, and is so I 

 called on account of its mode of branch- ! 

 ing. The most useful is P. utilis, the i 

 Vacona or Bacona of the Mauritius, in j 

 which island it is not only a very common 

 wild plant, but is largely cultivated for 

 the sake of its leaves, which are exten- 

 sively consumed in the manufacture of the 

 bags or sacks in which sugar is exported. 

 It is of these sacks, when done with as 

 sugar-sacks, that the well-known fiat 

 square fish-bags, commonly used in our 

 markets, are made. The fruit of P. fostidus 

 is extremely fcetid, while the flowers of 

 P. odoratissimus are very fragrant. The 

 seeds of some are eaten. Several are very 

 ornamental in our hothouses. See Plates 

 2 c, 6 g, 7g, and 13 a. [A. SJ 



PANDIPAVE. (Fr.) Momordica Cha- 

 rantia. 



PANDOREA. The only genus of Bigno- 

 niacece with twining branches, like those of 

 a Convolvulus, and consisting of only three 

 species : two of which, P. australis {Bigno- 

 nia or Tecoma australis of some writers) 

 and P. jasminoides (Tecoma jasminoides 

 of Lindley >, are widely distributed over the 

 eastern part of New Holland ; whilst a third 

 species, P. leptophylla (Tecoma leptophylla of 

 Blume), is confined to New Guinea. The 

 two former species are inmates of our con- 

 servatories, and esteemed on account of 

 their handsome pink flowers, and graceful 

 branches. P. australis is a very variable 

 plant in foliage, and goes under the various 

 names of Tecoma Oxleyi,floribunda, diversi- 

 folia, and ochromantha. In Port Jackson, 

 the children amuse themselves by launch- 

 ing the fruit, split in halves, in the water, 

 and then term it ' boats and cargo.' Pan- 

 dorea has a cup-shaped irregularly splitting 

 calyx, a funnel-shaped corolla, five stamens 

 (one of which is abortive, and two of the 

 fertile ones shorter than the others), gla- 

 brous anthers, and an oblong two-celled 

 capsule, the partition of which runs con- 

 trary to the direction of its valves, with 

 winged seeds arranged in several rows on 

 either side of the partition. [B. S.J 



PANDURATE, PANDTJRIFORM. The 

 same as Fiddle-shaped. 



PANGIACE.F,. (Pangiads.) A natural 

 order of calycifloral dicotyledons belong- 

 ing to Lindley's papayal alliance of di- 

 clinous Exogens. It is nearly allied to 

 Papayacece, and by some is considered a 



