S59 



€l)t (Embury at 33ataii|?. 



[PENN I 



not to be the case, and he has therefore 

 changed the name to Hexuris. 



PELTOSTIGMA. The name of a genus 

 of RutacecB to which Sir W. J. Hooker had 

 applied that of Pachystigma. It is repre- 

 sented by a much-branched shrub, native 

 of Jamaica, having its leaves ternate, its 

 flower-stalks axillary, branched, with leafy 

 bracts, and its flowers large white, fragrant, 

 and hairy on the outside. The calyx con- 

 sists of three overlapping segments, the 

 innermost petal-like ; petals four, concave, 

 stamens numerous, inserted in two rows 

 on to a large fleshy stalk supporting the 

 ovary, which has eight compartments, each 

 containing two ovules; stigma sessile, 

 large, fleshy, irregularly lobed. Fruit of 

 eight dry divergent carpels adherent by 

 their bases, each two-valved with a single 

 seed from the non-development of one of 

 the ovules. [M. T. MJ 



PELVIFORM. Like Cyathiforra, but 

 flatter, 



PEMPHIS. A genus of Lytliracece, in- 

 habiting the shores of tropical Asia and 

 Madagascar. They have shrubby stems, 

 covered with short white down, opposite 

 oblong-lanceolate entire leaves, and axil- 

 lary solitary one-flowered peduncles with 

 two bracts at the base. Flowers white, 

 with a turbinate twelve-lobed calyx, the 

 six inner erect, the six outer smaller and 

 spreading ; petals six, obovate ; stamens 

 twelve, alternately smaller; style short; 

 stigma capitate ; capsule membranous, 

 six-valved, three-celled at the base, opening 

 transversely ; seeds numerous. [J. T. S.] 



PE>\FACE„£. ( Geissolomece, Sarcocol- 

 lads.) A natural order of monochlamydeous 

 dicotyledons belonging to Lindley's rham- 

 nal alliance of perigynous Exogens. They 

 consist of shrubs, with opposite entire 

 exstipulate leaves, found at the Cape of 

 Good Hope, and have no known properties 

 of importance. Perianth coloured salver 

 shaped, with a four-lobed limb; stamens 

 perigynous, four or eight, alternate with 

 the lobes of the perianth ; ovary 7 superior, 

 four-celled ; ovules usually in pairs, anatro- 

 pal, ascending or suspended ; style simple ; 

 stigmas four. Fruit a four-celled four- 

 valved capsule; seed erect or pendulous; 

 nucleus a fleshy mass, without distinction 

 of albumen or embryo. There are about 

 half a dozen known genera, and twenty- 

 one species. Examples : Pencea, Geissolo- 

 ma. [j. H. B.] 



PENCEA. As restricted in De Candolle's 

 Prodromus this genus, the type of the 

 order Penceacece, con tains half a dozen little 

 branching Cape shrubs, with small flat en- 

 tire leaves, and solitary axillary flowers at 

 the ends of the branches, where they 

 usually form little heads, surrounded by 

 coloured leaf-like persistent bracts. The 

 flowers have a coloured calyx, with a tube 

 scarcely longer than the limb, and no pe- 

 tals; four stamens with extremely short fila- 

 ments, a thick connective, and the valves of 

 the anther-cells thickly fringed; a smooth 



ovary with two erect ovules at the base of 

 each of the four cells; and a four-winged 

 style bearing four flat stigmas in the shape 

 of a cross. The four-celled four-valved 

 capsule is covered by the persistent en- 

 larged calyx. A good many other species 

 have been referred to it, but those are re- 

 moved to other genera ; and amongst them 

 the plant called Pencea Sarcocolla in many 

 works, from which the ancient gum-resin 

 Sarcocolla is (without proof) said to have 

 been derived. This is now placed in the 

 genus Sarcocolla. [A. S.] 



PENANG LAWYERS. A commercial 

 name given to walking-sticks made from 

 the steins of Licuala acutifida. 



PENCIL-FLOWER. Stylosanthes. 



PENGHAWAR DJAMBI. The name of 



a celebrated styptic afforded by the down 



or soft hair-like scales of the stem of some 



species of Cibotium. Its action is probably 



j mechanical, as chemical analysis affords 



j nothing peculiar. [M. J B.] 



j PENGUIN. Bromelia Pingitin. 



j PENTCILLARIA. A genus of grasses 

 belonging to the tribe Panicece, the species 

 of which are described by Steudel under 



1 Pennisetum. [D. MJ 



PENICILLATE, PENICILLIFORM. Re- 



i sembling a camel's-hair pencil ; consisting 

 1 of, or covered with, hairs which are nearly 



parallel with each other. Sometimes, mark- 

 ! edwith colour as if laid on in streaks with 



a camel's-hair pencil. 



PENICILLIUM. A genus of naked-spored 



thread-moulds with a jointed stem branched 



at the top, each branch having a chain 



j of spores either simple or divided. These 



spores are sometimes smooth, sometimes 



rough with little points. P. glaucuvi is one 



j of the commonest of mouIds,growing on ajl 



kinds of substances, and entering largely 



I into the composition of yeast, but more 



I especially of the Vinegar Plant. The spe- 



I cies assume frequently very beautiful co- 



i lours. A rose-coloured species, for instance, 



the agent in the destruction, some years 



since, of the barrack-bread at Pans, which 



was so much canvassed, attains its perfect 



growth a few hours after the bread comes 



from the oven. An apricot-coloured species 



occurs on fungi. Occasionally the same 



species will put on three or four different 



tints in the course of its growth. [M. J. BJ 



PENNANTIA. A genus of Anacardia- 

 cecB consisting of trees from New Zealand 

 and Norfolk Island, with alternate simple 

 leathery leaves, and small white or yellow- 

 ish flowers in a corymbose panicle. The 

 calyx is minute, cup-shaped, deciduous; 

 petals five, lanceolate ; stamens five, disk 

 none ; fruit fleshy, one-seeded. [J. T. SJ 



PENNIFORM. Having the ribs of a leaf 

 arranged as in a pinnated leaf, but con- 

 fluent at the point, as in the Date-palm. 



PENNINERVED, or PENNIVE1NED. 

 Having ribs or principal veins running 



