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CT)£ Crea^urg of 23otang. 



864 



PERIANTHOMANIA. An unnatural 

 multiplication of sepals, bracts, &c. Ex- 

 amples are afforded by the wheat-ear car- 

 nation, the curious sweetwilliam figured 

 below, and the hose-in-hose primrose. In 



Dianthus barbatus in a state of Perianthomania. 



most cases the fertility of the plant is 

 affected, and sometimes all attempt at the 

 production of stamens and pistils is abor- 

 tive. [M. J. B.] 



PERIBLEMA cuspidata is the only re- 

 presentative of a genus of doubtful affinity, 

 but provisionally classed with Bignonkixece 

 or Crescentiacece. It is a native of Madagas- 

 car, is shrubby, has opposite simple and 

 entire leaves, and axillary pedicels produc- 

 ing from one to three flowers. Its fruit is 

 unknown. The calyx is five-cleft, and sur- 

 rounded by a membranaceous rather in- 

 flated involucre; the corolla is funnel- 

 shaped and five-lobed ; the stamens four in 

 number, the anthers glabrous ; and the 

 ovary two-celled, each cell enclosing but 

 two ovules. [B. S.] 



PERICARP. The shell or rind of all 

 fruits, taken as a whole. When it separates 

 into layers, each layer may have a different 

 name, but the whole is still the pericarp. 



PERICARPIAL, or PERICARPIC. Of, 

 or belonging to, a pericarp. 



PERICARPIUM. Tbe peridium of cer- 

 tain fungals. 



PERICH.ETIUM (adj. PERICH^TIAL). 



A collection of minute leaves surrounding 

 the base of the seta of a moss. 



PERICLADIUM. The dilated sheathing 

 base of some petioles, especially among 

 umbellifers. 



PERICLINIUM. The involucre of com- 

 posites. 



PERICLINOIDES. A false involucre 

 formed of paleae of the receptacle in com- 

 posites, surrounding the sides of an ele- 

 vated receptacle having florets at its sum- 

 mit, as in Evax. 



PERICLISTIA. A genus composed of 

 two Guiana species of doubtful affinity, but 

 provisionally classed with Samydacece. The 

 Periclistias are shrubs with alternate ovate 

 or oblong and quite entire leaves, and ter- 

 minal flowers, having five sepals, petals, 

 and fertile stamens, a simple style, and an 

 ovary with numerous ovules. The fruit is 

 unknown. [B. S.] 



PERIDERM. The outer cellular layer 

 of bark, below the epidermis. 



PERICLYMENUM. Lonicera Pericly- 

 menum. 



PERIDIOLTJM. A membrane by which 

 the spores of some algals are immediately 

 covered; also the diminutive of Peridium, 

 a secondary and interior peridium. 



PERIDIUM. A term used for the outer 

 coat or coats of certain Fungi, especially in 

 the puffballs and other closely allied na- 

 tural orders. In the puffballs and Podaxi- 

 nei it is composed of interlaced threads 

 with an admixture here and there of cells ; 

 and in these occasionally, as universally 

 in the Phulloidei, the component threads are 

 in parts highly gelatinous. In the myxo- 

 gastres it is composed apparently of an 

 amorphous substance which becomes gra- 

 dually indurated and brittle, with a strong 

 admixture in many cases of carbonate of 

 lime. In such genera as Geaster the outer 

 peridium is thick and composed sometimes 

 of two separable coats, while in Broomeia 

 it is represented by a thick corky stra- 

 tum. In Lycoperdon it is resolved into 

 warts, spines, or other excrescences, which 

 are often intimately connected with the 

 inner coat. In Onygena, which belongs to 

 another series, it is simple and composed of 

 threads and not of cells, as is the case with 

 most perithecia. [M. J. B.] 



PERIGONE, PERIGONIUM. Usually 

 the same as Perianth. 



PERIGYNIUM. The hypogynous setse 

 of sedges ; the flask-like calyx in which 

 the ovary of Carex is included; also the 

 hypogynous disk of other plants. 



PERIGYKOUS. Growing upon some part 

 which surrounds the ovary, usually the 

 calyx, though sometimes the corolla is also 

 included within the meaning. 



PERILLA. A genus of Labiatce, having 

 the calyx bell-shaped, unequally two-lipped, 

 the upper three-cleft, the middle piece 

 smallest ; and the corolla about as long 

 as the calyx, with its border in five nearly 

 equal pieces. P. nankinensis, an annual 

 species with deep purple leaves, is much 

 used in the summer decoration of modern 

 flower-gardens. [G. D.] 



PERILOMIA. A genus of Labiatce, dis- 

 tinguished by having the border of the 

 corolla with its upper lip slightly bifid, the 

 lower in three pieces, the middle of which 

 is largest and notched, the others short 

 and spreading ; and the fruit dry, with a 

 wing-like membranous border. The species 

 are herbs or shrubs, natives of Peru and 



