875 



Cfje ^Treasury of Itatang, 



[PHIL 



times applied to a large group of Poly po- 

 dium, in which the fronds, instead of being 

 articulated with a rhizome as in P. vulgare, 

 are continuous and adherent to a caudex, 

 which may he either short and erect as in 

 P. alpestre, or elongated and creeping as in 

 P. Dryopteris. Usually the sori are medial 

 on the free veins. Generally speaking, the 

 habit of growth is that of Lastrea. [T. MJ 



PHELIP.EA. A genus of Orobancha- 

 eece, resembling the broomrapes in habit, 

 and distinguished mainly by the tubular 

 calyx, which is furnished with two or three 

 bracts, and by the capsule opening at the 

 top instead of the side. The genus thus 

 characterised will include two British 

 species of Broomrape— Orobanche ccerulea 

 and 0. ramosa. [C. A. J.J 



PHEXACOSPERMUM, Endlicher has 

 proposed to constitute under this name a 

 genus of MusaceaB, comprising certain spe- 

 . cies from tropical America, which resemble 

 | Eeliconia in general appearance. The flow- 

 ers are not known, but the fruit is capsular, 

 and contains numerous seeds arranged in 

 several rows. From the allied genus Ba- 

 venala it is distinguished by its somewhat 

 globular seeds, which are attached by 

 means of a long stiff funicle or umbilical 

 cord, which breaks up into a fibrous tow- 

 like aril overlying or concealing the seed; 

 hence perhaps the name, from the Greek 

 phenax, an impostor. fM. T. MJ 



PHILADELPHACEJE. (Syringas.*) A 

 natural order of calycifloral dicotyledons 

 belonging to Lindley's grossal alliance of 

 epigynous Exogens. Calyx valvate with a 

 persistent limb; petals alternate with the 

 divisions of the calyx, and equal to them 

 in number, imbricate; stamens indefinite; 

 ovary adherent to the tube of the calyx ; 

 styles distinct ; stigmas four to ten ; ovules 

 attached to a central placenta. Fruit a four 

 to ten-celled capsule, free above, with in- 

 definite scobiform pendulous seeds, with 

 a loose membranous arillus. Shrubs with 

 deciduous opposite eistipulate leaves 

 without dots ; flowers usually in tricho- 

 tomous cymes. They are natives of the 

 south of Europe, of North America, Japan, 

 and India. They have no marked proper- 

 ties. The flowers of Philadelphus corona- 

 rius (Syringa) have a peculiar sweetish 

 odour due to the presence of an oil, which 

 to some persons is overpowering and dis- 

 agreeable. Deutzia scabra has a scurfy 

 matter on its leaves, which,, under the 

 microscope, is seen to consist of beautiful 

 stellate hairs. There are five genera, in- 

 cluding twenty-seven species. Examples : 

 Philadelphus, Deutzia. [J. H. BJ 



PHILADELPHUS. A genus of shrubs 

 better known by the names Syringa and 

 Mock Orange, giving name to the order 

 PhUadelphacece, and distinguished from 

 Deutzia by having four petals. P. corona- 

 rius is the large bushy shrub so common 

 in shrubberies and cottage gardens, and 

 remarkable in early summer for its terminal 

 tufts of large creamy-white flowers having 

 a powerful odour, which at a distance is 



thought to resemble that of orange-flow- 

 ers; and known also by the flavour of its 

 leaves, which is precisely that of cucum- 

 bers. The terminal flower in each tuft, 

 it should be observed, has five petals. 

 Other species with scentless flowers are 

 less frequently cultivated. French, Serin- 

 gat ; German, P/eifenstrauch. [C. A. J ] 



PHILARIA. (Fr.) Phillyrea. 



PHILESIACEiE. (Philesiads.) A natural 

 order of monocotyledonous plants belong- 

 ing to Lindley's class of Dictyogens. They 

 are nearly allied to Poxburghittcew, from 

 which they differ in their trimerous sym- 

 metry, parietal placentas, and orthotropal 

 ovules. Most authors include them in that 

 order. They are natives of Chili, and com- 

 prise the genera Philesia and Lapageria, 

 each with a single species. [J. H. B.] 



PHILESIA buxifolia, the Pepino of Val- 

 divia, is a small evergreen box-leaved erect 

 shrub, native of the extreme southern part 

 of South America, from Valdivia to Magel- 

 haens' Straits, bearing an abundance of 

 large beautiful drooping, somewhat bell- 

 shaped, bright rose-red, rather waxy flow- 

 ers. By some botanists it is referred to 

 Smilacece, while others place it and the ap- 

 parently closely allied genus Lapageria in 



Philesia buxifolia. 

 a separate order, styled Philesiacem. It is 

 the only species of the genus, and is cha- 

 racterised by having a small three-leaved 

 calyx and a large three-petaled corolla, mo- 

 nadelphous stamens, and an obscurely 

 three-lobed stigma. In habit it is very dif- 

 ferent from Lapageria, being an erect stiff 

 shrub instead of a scrambling climber, 

 and having penninerved in place of five- 

 nerved leaves. [A. SJ 



PHILIBERTIA. Sarcostemma. 



PHILIPPIA. A genus of heathworts, 

 having eight stamens partly adherent to 

 each other, and a four-celled four-valved 

 seed-vessel, containing many seeds. The 

 species are natives of the Cape, Madagascar, 



