pull] 



Ei)£ ftoatfurg at 38otanp. 



940 



numerous bright-yellow flower-heads, and 

 wrinkled downy oblong leaves. It grows 

 to the height of about one foot. P. vul- 

 garis is a much smaller plant, growing in 

 moist sandy places, but is less frequent and 

 unpretending in appearance. [C. A. J.] 



PULLET-SHAPED. Circular, com- 

 pressed, contracted in the middle of its 

 circumference so as to resemble a pulley ; 

 as the embryo of Commelyna communis. 



PULLIPUNTA. A Peruvian name for 

 Phytelephas macrocarpa. 



PULLOM. An African name for Bombax 

 Ceiba. 



PULL-PIPES. A local North of England 

 name for the stems of some of the larger 

 Equiseta. 



PULLUS. Black, with a strong lustre. 



PULMONAIRE. (Fr.) Pulmonaria. — 



DE CHENE. Sticta pulmonacea. — DES 

 FRANCAIS. Hieraceum pulmonarium. 



— DES MARATS. Gentiana Pneumonanthe. 



— DE VIRGINIE. Pulmonaria virginica. 



PULMONARIA. The Lungwort: a genus 

 of Boraginacece, occurring in Europe and 

 North America, consisting of hispid peren- 

 nials, with creeping rhizomes, and large 

 ovate root-leaves, often marked with white 

 blotches ; the stems short, with smaller 

 leaves, and a terminal raceme of blue 

 flowers, which are red while in bud. Calyx 

 five-sided tubular five-toothed, bell-shaped 

 in fruit ; corolla between funnel-shaped 

 and salver-shaped, with an open throat 

 without scales; stamens included; nuts 

 free, smooth, affixed to the receptacle by 

 the truncate bases. Two species occur 

 in Britain : P. officinalis, with ovate root- 

 leaves, probably an introduced plant ; and 

 P. angustifolia, with elliptical root-leaves 

 narrowed at the base, which appears to be 

 wild in the Isle of Wight. [J. T. S.] 



The Pulmonaria formerly held a place in 

 almost every garden, under the country 

 name of Jerusalem Cowslip, its purple 

 flowers and spotted leaves recommending 

 it to notice; whilst it was held in great 

 esteem for its reputed medicinal qualities in 

 diseases of the lungs, and was hence called 

 Lungwort. It is occasionally found in 

 woods and thickets. Its former use in 

 diseases of the lungs was indicated to our 

 forefathers by the well-defined white spots 

 on the leaves of the P. officinalis. These 

 spots were supposed so far to imitate 

 those of the lungs, as to have been de- 

 signed by Nature to point out its uses, 

 especially in consumption. Sir J. E. Smith 

 says that ' every part of the plant is mu- 

 cilaginous; but its reputation for coughs 

 arose not from this circumstance, but from 

 the speckled appearance of the leaves re- 

 sembling the lungs ! ' The Lungwort, how- 

 ever, offers an interesting instance of a 

 plant which, though having been used as a 

 remedy from the most superstitious mo- 

 tives, yet fortunately possessed those de- 

 mulcent qualities, which from their bene- 

 ficial effects were confirmation of the belief 

 in a wrong theory. [J. B.] 



PULP. The juicy tissue found in the 

 interior of plants ; sometimes applied to 

 the succulent hymenium of fungals. 



PULQUE. The fermented juice of Agave. 



PULSATILLB. (Fr.) Anemone Pulsa- 

 tilla, sometimes called Pulsatilla vulgaris. 



PULSE. A common name for the seeds 

 of many cultivated Leguminosce, such as 

 peas, beans, &c. 



PULTENtEA. A genus of Leguminosce 

 of the suborder Papihonacea and tribe Po- 

 dalyriece, consisting of Australian shrubs, 

 with alternate entire or two-lobed small 

 sessile leaves, small brown stipules, and 

 yellow or orange-coloured flowers in ter- 

 minal heads or in the upper axils, always 

 surrounded by small brown or scarious 

 bracts. The calyx-lobes are nearly equal, 

 the stamens all free, the pod small, more 

 or less flattened, containing one or two 

 seeds. There are between fifty and sixty 

 species, two or three of which are occasion- 

 ally grown in greenhouses amongst other 

 Australian papilionaceous shrubs. 



PULVEROUS. Powdery ; consisting of 

 powdery matter. 



PULVERULENT. Covered with dust or 

 powdery matter. 



PULVINULI. Spongy excrescences in 

 Lichens, sometimes rising up from the 

 thallus and often resembling minute trees, 

 as in Parmelia glomulifera. 



PULVINULUS. A heap of naked spores, 

 such as occur in the genus Spiloma. 



PULVINUS (adj. PULVINATE, PUL- 

 VINIFORM). A cushion-like enlargement 

 at the base of some leaves, or at the apex 

 of some petioles. 



PULVIS. Powder, dust, &c. 



PUMICIN. (Fr.) Palm-oil. 



PUMILUS. Short,close-growing, as com- 

 pared with other species of the same genus 

 or family. 



PUMPKIN. A species of Gourd, Gucur- 

 bita Pepo. The name is sometimes loosely 

 applied to other gourds. 



PUN. An Indian name for the leaves of 

 Typha elephantina. 



PUNCHUDE. (Fr.) A kind of olive. 



PUNCTATA VASA. Dotted vessels; 

 tubes having dot-like appearances on their 

 sides. See Bothrenchyma. 



PUNCTATE. Dotted; marked with some 

 colour disposed in very small round spots 

 or points. 



PUNCTUM VEGETATIONIS. The grow- 

 ing point of a leaf-bud. 



PUNGA-PUNGA. ' A kind of bread made 

 from the pollen of the Raupo, Typha an- 

 gustifolia. 



PUNGENT. Terminating gradually in a 

 hard sharp point, as the lobes of the Holly 

 leaf. 



