ioo; 



Cfje EreajSurg at 3S0tanjj. 



[SALI 



SAINBOIS. (Fr.) Daphne Mezereum. 



SAINFOIN. (Fr.) Onobrychis sativa. — 

 D'ESPAGNE. Hedysarum coronarium. — - 

 DU CANADA. Desmodium canadense. 



ST. AGNES' FLOWER. Erinosma. 



ST. ANDREWS CROSS. Ascyrum Crux 

 Andrea. 



ST. CATHERINE'S FLOWER. Nigella 

 damascena. 



ST. CHRISTOPHER'S HERB. Osmun- 

 da regalis. 



SAINTFOIN. A fodder-plant, Onobrychis 

 sativa. 



ST. JAMES'S- WORT. Senecio Jacobma. 



ST. JOHN'S BREAD. Ceratonia Siliqua. 



ST. JOHN'S-WORT. Hypericum, espe- 

 cially E. perforatum. — , MARSH. Elodea. 



ST. MARTIN'S HERB. Sauvagesiaerecta. 



ST. PETER'S- WORT. Ascyrum; also 

 Symphoria ; also Hypericum Ascyron and 

 27. quadrangulum. The St. Peter's-wort of 

 the old herbals is Primula veris. 



ST. THOMAS' TREE. Bauhinia tomen- 

 tosa. 



SAIRANTHU8. Nicotiana. 



SAJNA, SUJNA. Indian names for Mo- 

 ringa pterygosperma. 



SAKA. A colonial name for the Bastard 

 Purpleheart, a timber-tree of Demerara. 



SAKACHERA. A Sanscrit name for 

 Henne. 



SAKES. The Turkish name for gum 

 mastic. 



SAKUR. An Indian name for the small 

 astringent galls formed on some species 

 of Tamarix. 



SAL. Shorea robusta : see Saul. 



SALACIA. This genus, along with Hip- 

 pocrates, forms the family Hippocrateacece, 

 which is nearly related to Celastracea?, dif- 

 fering mainly in having three instead of 

 five stamens to the flowers. Hippocratea 

 has fruits consisting of three samaroid 

 carpels, while Solatia has a berried fruit. 

 About sixty species are known, distributed 

 over the tropics, though most numerous in 

 India and the Eastern islands. They are 

 smooth erect or trailing evergreen shrubs, 

 with opposite shining often laurel-like 

 leaves, and in their axils clusters or cymes 

 of minute green or yellowish flowers. India, 

 Africa, and America have each at least one 

 species bearing edible fruit. Thus in Bra- 

 zil, S. dulcis bears a depressed globular 

 fruit, the size of a crab apple, yellowish in 

 colour, sweet and juicy, and (according to 

 Dr. Spruce) much eaten by the Indians on 

 the Rio Negro, who call it Waiatuma. In 

 India S. Roxburghii bears a like-sized dull 

 red fruit whose white pulp is eaten ; and in 

 Sierra Leone S. pyriforrnis affords a sweet- 

 tasted fruit the size of a bergamot pear. 

 The name Salacia is that of the wife of 



Neptune, in mythology. Among other 

 synonyms of this genus are Tontelea and 

 Diplesthes. [A. A. B.] 



SALADE DE CHANOINE. (Fr.) Vale- 

 rianella olitoria. — DE PORC. Eypochce- 

 ris radicata. 



SALADELLE. (Fr.) Statice Limonium. 



SALAGIT, or SALARAS. Indian names 

 for the bitter stalks of Ophelia elegans, 

 often confounded with Chiretta. 



SALAL. Gaultheria Shallon. 



SALANQUET. (Fr.) Chenopodium ma- 

 ritimum. 



SALAXIS. A genus of heathworts, hav- 

 ing a four-cleft calyx, the anterior division 

 largest ; the stamens varying from six to 

 eight, their filaments free or joined, the 

 anthers connate or approximate ; the ovary 

 of two or three cells, each one-seeded, and 

 never opening. The species are shrubs, na- 

 tives of the Mauritius, having their leaves 

 in whorls of three or six together, their 

 edges rolled back ; and the flowers in clus- 

 ters at the ends of the branches. [G. D.] 



SALEP. The fecula of the tubers of Or- 

 chis mascula, 0. latifolia, 0. Morio, and 

 other ophreous orchids, consisting almost 

 wholly of bassorin. The tubers are dried 

 and preserved for use. — , KASHMIR. 

 The fecula of the tubers of a species of 

 Eulephia. -, TAHITI. The fecula of 

 Tacca pinnatiflda. —, NORTH AMERI- 

 CAN. The fecula of a species of Habenaria. 



SALICACE^E. An order of apetalous 

 dicotyledons, considered by some botanists 

 as a tribe of Amentacece, and by others dis- 

 tinguished from the two other tribes or 

 orders, Corylacece and Betulacea, by their 

 dioecious flowers, the ovaries of the fe- 

 males one-celled, with several ovules on 

 two parietal placentas. They are trees or 

 shrubs with alternate leaves. The seeds, 

 in two-valved capsules, have always a tuft 

 of long white silky hairs. The order only 

 contains the two genera Salix and Populus. 



SALICAIRE. (Fr.) Lythrum Salicaria. 



SALICARIA. Lythrum Salicaria. 



SALICOR, or SALICORNE. (Fr.) Sali- 

 cornia. 



SALICORNIA. Succulent marine plants 

 belonging to the order Chenopodiacece, and 

 well distinguished by their jointed steins. 

 The genus is represented in Britain by S. 

 hcrbacea, common in salt-marshes, a leaf- 

 less plant six to ten inches high, much- 

 branched and jointed: 'The articulations 

 are thickened upwards, shrinking much 

 when dry, in which state the upper extre- 

 mity of each articulation forms a two-lobed 

 membranous socket or short sheath, which 

 receives the base of the articulation above 

 it. Spikes of flowers dense, lateral and 

 terminal, jointed like the stem, and bear- 

 ing at the base of every short articulation, 

 on two opposite sides, a cluster of three 

 flowers, each composed of a single perianth, 

 apparently quite closed at the top and 



