salm] 



Cfje Ereagurr? at 3&atmy. 



1010 



solitary flowers. It is a native of Bur- 

 mah. [A. S.] 



SALMEA. A genus of trailing some- 

 what shrubby Composites peculiar to tro- 

 pical America, and occurring most com- 

 monly in the West Indies. The stems are 

 furnished with opposite stalked leaves, 

 having ovate lance-shaped or heart-shaped 

 blades ; and the rayless somewhat pear- 

 shaped white or yellow flower-heads are 

 arranged in corymbs at the ends of the 

 twigs. The florets are all tubular and per- 

 fect, with the involucral scales in two se- 

 ries, the receptacle conical and chaffy, and 

 the vertically compressed achenes crowned 

 with a pappus of two awns. These plants 

 are related to Biclens, from which their 

 shrubby habit at once distinguishes them, 

 but more especially to Verbesina, of which 

 again the habit is different, and the style- 

 branches are blunt instead of cone-shaped 

 at the apex. [A. A. B.] 



SALOMONIA. Under this name are com- 

 prised about eight species of minute annual 

 plants of the Polygalacea;, found in various 

 parts of tropical Asia. In their habit and 

 the appearance of their flowers they re- 

 semble Poly galas, but have four or five 

 instead of eight stamens to the flowers. 

 Pour of the species are little branching 

 plants one to four inches high, the stems 

 furnished with ovate roundish or oblong 

 entire leaves, and the minute white or 

 lilac flowers arranged in spikes at the ends 

 of the branehlets. The remaining four 

 are leafless and parasitical on roots, whence 

 they are separated as a distinct genus by 

 Blume, with the name Epirhlzanthus. The 

 place of the leaves is supplied by minute 

 brown scales. [A. A. B.] 



SALOOP. The name given to sassafras- 

 tea, flavoured with milk and sugar, sold to 

 the working-classes in the early morning 

 at the corners of London streets. 



SALPIANTHTJS. A seacoast plant from 

 the western shores of tropical America, 

 proposed by Kunth as a genus of Nyctagi- 

 nacece, but which had been previously pub- 

 lished by Lagasca, under the name of 

 Boldoa. 



SALPICHL^SNA. A small group of po- 



lypodiaceous ferns nearly related to Blech- 

 num, from which it differs chiefly in its 

 scandent habit, and in having the parallel 

 venules combined at the apex by a slight 

 intrainarginal veinlet. The only known 

 species is S. volubilis. [T. M.] 



SALPICHROA or SALPICHROMA. A 

 genus of Atropacece, comprising Peruvian 

 herbs heretofore included in Atropa, but 

 distinguished from it in that the calyx 

 does not increase in size as the fruit ripens, 

 and is moreover divided into five linear 

 erect segments. The corolla is narrow 

 tubular fleshy, often contracted at the 

 mouth, and becomes black in drying. The 

 fruit when ripe is of a bright scarlet 

 colour. The name is derived from the 

 Greek words salpinx ' a tube,' and chroma 



' colour,' in allusion to the colour of the 

 trumpet-shaped flowers. [M. T. M.] 



SAL PIG LOSS IS. A genus of Atropacece, 

 consisting of herbaceous viscid plants, 

 natives of Chili. The leaves are pinnately 

 lobed, and the flowers in terminal panicles. 

 The calyx is bell-shaped, five-parted ; the 

 corolla funnel-shaped, its tube dilated 

 above, its limb five-cleft spreading; the 

 stamens five, four fertile.didynamous.with 

 two-celled anthers opening by a single 

 pore ; the style thickened at the extremity 

 with a somewhat two-lobed stigma ; the 

 fruit a two-celled two-valved capsule with 

 numerous seeds. The flowers are showy, 

 often with the veins coloured differently 

 from the rest of the petal. Some of the 

 species are cultivated as greenhouse plants, 

 or as bedding plants in summer. The gene- 

 ric name is derived from the Greek words 

 salpinx ' a tube ' and glossis ' a tongue,' in 

 allusion to the tongue-like style in the 

 mouth of the corolla. [M. T. M.] 



SALPIGOPHORA. Campsidium. 



SALPINGA. A genus of one or two 

 South American herbaceous melastomace- 

 ous plants allied to BerMonia, but distin- 

 guished by the anthers having a tail-like 

 appendage at their base, sometimes as long 

 as the anther itself, and also by the three- 

 sided capsules being invested with the 

 eight or ten-nerved persistent calyx. The 

 flowers are borne in a double scorpioid 

 raceme. [A. S.] 



SALPIXANTHA. A genus of Acantha- 

 ceoe- containing a single species from Ja- 

 maica, now generally referred to Geisso- 

 meria, from which it differs only in the 

 calyx being less deeply cut, and in the limb 

 of the corolla being regular. [W. C] 



SALSA. An abbreviation for Sarsapa- 

 rilla. 



SALSAFY, or SALSIFY. Tragopogon 

 porrifollus. 



SALSEPARIELLE. (Fr.) Smilax. — 

 DALLEMAGNE. Carex arenaria. — 

 D'EUROPE. Smilax aspera. 



SALSIFIS. (Fr.) Tragopogon. — D'ES- 

 PAGNE. Scorzonera. 



SALSOLA. The Saltworts form a rather 

 extensive genus of Chenopodiacece, and 

 are most abundant in the temperate and 

 warm regions of the Northern Hemisphere, 

 principally in the Old World ; occurring in 

 the Southern Hemisphere only in Timor, 

 Eastern Australia, New Zealand, Madagas- 

 car, and Chili. They are always confined 

 to the seacoast or to salt-marshes, or 

 other places where the soil is impregnated 

 with salt : their generic, name being thence 

 derived from the Latin words sal ' salt/and 

 soluvi 'soil.' They are herbaceous or some- 

 what shrubby smooth or downy plants, 

 with unjointed stems, and usually alternate 

 but occasionally opposite stalkless more 

 or less cylindrical fleshy or prickly leaves, 

 bearing the small stalkless perfect flowers 

 in their axils, together with two floral 



