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1012 



common mustard, and that it was com- 

 monly regarded in Syria as the Mustard- 

 tree of Scripture : though it is to he ob- 

 served that the Sinapis grows to a much 

 greater size in Syria than with us, and is 

 frequently seen as high as twelve or fifteen 

 feet, so that birds might easily lodge in its 

 branches. The species of Salvadora grow- 

 ing in Syria is said by both Don and Royle 



Salvadora indica. 

 to he S. persica, but that is a plant of 

 small size, not a tree. S. indica however, 

 a common Indian and Cingalese species, 

 grows to a considerable height, and is 

 probably the one meant. [A. S.] 



SALVER-SHAPED. The same as Hypo- 

 crateriform, or Hypocraterimorphous. 



SALVERTIA. A small genus of Vo- 

 chyacecB confined to Brazil. They are trees, 

 with ovate leaves arranged in whorls, and 

 white paniculate flowers, emitting a most 

 delightful scent— in S. convallariodora re- 

 sembling that of our lily of the valley. 

 The calyx ia five-lobed, one of the lobes 

 being shaped into a spur, whilst two of the 

 five petals are smaller than the rest. The 

 ovary is free ; and the capsule three-valved, 

 triangular, and three-celled, each cell con- 

 taining one seed. [B. S.] 



SALVIA. A genus of Labkitw, distin- 

 guished by its lipped calyx, and two forked 

 stamens. The species are undershrubs or 

 herbs, varying in general habit, and widely 

 distributed over the earth. The name is 

 from the Latin salvo ' I heal,' indicative of 

 the supposed qualities of some of the spe- 

 cies. Examples of this genus have been 

 long and favourably known as objects of 

 culture, and deservedly occupy a promi- 

 nent place. It is only necessary to allude 

 briefly to some of them. S. splendens is 

 of interest on account of its period of 

 flowering; 5. hians, a native of Simla, is 

 hardy, and also desirable on account of its 

 showy violet-and-white flowers ; S. candela- 

 brum is a hardy perennial, a native of 

 the South of Spain, the upper Up of its 



flower greenish-yellow, the lower a rich 

 violet, thus presenting a fine contrast ; S. 

 pralensis is a well-known ingredient of the 

 hay-crop in some parts of Italy and the 

 Ionian Islands, its blue flowers rendering it 

 a great ornament in the meadows ; S. lyrata 

 and S. w-tieifolia are equally well known in 

 North America. S. officinalis is the Com- 

 mon Sage, a familiar garden herb having 

 aromatic and bitter properties. [G. DJ 



SALVINIA. A genus of Marsileacece be- 

 longing to the same section as Azolla, and 

 by some considered as a distinct natural 

 order, Salviniacece. It has a floating thread- 

 like rhizome containing a central bundle 

 of vessels with several cavities around it, 

 furnished above with fern-like subelliptic 

 floating entire leaves, and below with long 

 rootlets and fluted bladder-like fruit on 

 shortleafless branches. The fruit consists 

 of globular hags composed of a double 

 membrane, at length bursting irregularly. 

 These bags are of two kinds : the one con- 

 taining spherical antheridia upon branched 

 stalks springing from a central placen- 

 ta ; the other short-stalked single-spored 

 sporangia, seated like the former on a cen- 

 tral column. The leaves are not curled up 

 when young, and the upper surface is 

 studded with warts, each of which bear a 

 little crown of bristles. There is some- 

 times a central rib in the I eaves, besides 

 which there are reticulated veins more 

 prominent below than above. The sper- 

 matozoids, according to Hofmeister, are 

 furnished witn a series of lash-like cilia, 

 and the spores germinate by cell-division 

 at their upper extremity, two or three 

 archegonia being formed in the substance 

 of the prothallus of which one only proves 

 fertile. The young plant closely resembles 

 that of Selaginella, apart from the two 

 cotyledon-like processes. All the sup- 

 posed species are reducible to one, which 

 occurs in the South of Europe in stagnant 

 pools, and is found in all the warmer parts 

 of the world. [M. J. B.J 



SALWOOD. Shorea roousta. 



SALZMANNIA. The name of a Bra- 

 zilian shrub, forming a genus of Cincho- 

 nacem. The leaves are smooth and- shining; 

 and the flowers are borne in axillary 

 heads. The limb of the calyx is cup-shaped, 

 slightly four-toothed ; the tube of the co- 

 rolla short, its limb divided into four ob- 

 long lobes ; the stamens four; and the fruit 

 dry, one-celled one-seeded, surmounted by 

 the limb of the calyx. This genus is im- 

 perfectly known. [M. T. MJ 



SAMA. The acrid Abyssinian Urticasv- 

 tnensis, which is, however, cooked as a 

 vegetable. 



SAMADERA. A genus of trees of the 

 ShnarubacecE, natives of tropical Asia and 

 Madagascar. The leaves are entire, and 

 the flowers large pinkish, disposed in 

 axillary umbels, surrounded by involucres 

 ! of small bracts. The calyx is four-parted, 

 I its segments frequently provided exter- 

 nally with two glands at the base ; petals 



