SAMO] 



€ift &Ytug\iv% of 3Sntani?. 



1014 



certain and effectual cure for rheumatism. 

 It appears, however, that the Elder to be 

 thus efficient must grow in consecrated 

 ground. In Tortworth churchyard (and 

 others in the county of Gloucester) is such 



Cross of Elder-wooo. 



a tree, and we are told that application is 

 frequently made for bits of it from a con- 

 siderable distance, and that some of its 

 recipients are not only willing but able to 

 give it a good character of many years' 

 standing.' We give a cut of a piece of 

 elder of the orthodox form. [J. B.] 



SAMOLUS. Small marsh plants with 

 white flowers, possessing no attractive pro- 

 perties, belonging to the Primulacece, and 

 distinguished by the half-superior capsule, 

 and by five imperfect stations alternating 

 with the lobes of the corolla. S. Valeran- 

 di, the Brookweed or Water Pimpernel, 

 is an erect plant eight to ten inches high, 

 with bright green somewhat fleshy leaves, 

 and terminal inconspicuous flowers. It is 

 remarkable only for its wide geographical 

 range, there being scarcely any country in 

 which it does not abound where the soil is 

 wet and gravelly. In Great Britain it is 

 most frequent where small streams trickle 

 over rocks on the seashore. S. littoralis, a 

 native of Van Diemen's Land, ^s very simi- 

 lar in habit. French : Samole ; German : 

 Samoskraut. [C. A J.] 



SAMP. A preparation of Indian corn 

 largely used in the United States. 



SAMPHIRE. Crithmum marilimum, the 

 aromatic saline fleshy leaves of which are 

 used in pickles ; also Borrichia arborescens. 

 — , GOLDEN. Inula crithmoides. — , JA- 

 MAICA. Batis maritima. 



SAMSHOO. A spirituous liquor extract- 

 ed, by fermentation and distillation, from 

 rice, by the Chinese. 



SAMYDACE JE. An order of dicotyledons 

 consisting of tropical trees or shrubs, with 

 alternate leaves generally marked with 

 pellucid dots ; and hermaphrodite flowers, 

 usually small in axillary clusters. The 

 perianth is calyx-like, usually four or five- 



lobed, without petals ; the stamens are pe- 

 rigynous, often more numerous than the 

 calyx-lobes, but in a single row alternating 

 with small teeth or filaments without an- 

 thers ; and the ovary is one-celled, with two 

 three or more parietal placentas. The order 

 contains one large genus, Casearia, and 

 about half-a-dozen small ones allied to it. 

 Some botanists unite with it Homaliacew, 

 which have petals and a somewhat differ- 

 ent arrangement of stamens, while others 

 combine the whole with Flacourtiaceas. 



SAMYDA. The type of the Samydacem, 

 and composed of shrubs or small trees in- 

 habiting tropical America. The branches 

 are often clad with thorns ; and the leaves 

 are more or less ovate serrate, and furnish- 

 ed with pellucid dots. The flowers are 

 solitary or fasciculate in the axils of the 

 leaves, and they are white or in some spe- 

 cies purplish. The calyx is five-cleft ; the 

 corolla entirely wanting ; the stamens are 

 fertile (or, as Mr. Bentham expresses it, 

 there are no staminodia or scales inter- 

 mixed with the stamens), by which latter 

 character Samyda is easily distinguished 

 from its allies. S. suaveolens, an inhabitant 

 of Brazilian forests, is remarkable for its 

 white deliciously-scented flowers, strongly 

 recalling to mind the odour of orange- 

 blossoms. [B. S.] 



SANA. A kind of Peruvian Tobacco. 



SANDAL-TREE. Sandoricum. 



SANDALWOOD. An odoriferous wood 

 the produce of several species of Santalum. 

 That of India is the S. album ; that of the 

 Sandwich Islands S. Freycinetianum and 

 £. paniculatum ; and that of Western Aus- 

 tralia, S. latifolium. The name is given 

 among the Russians to the red wood of 

 Rhamnus dahuricus, used for dyeing 

 leather. — , CITRON. Santalum Freycine- 

 tianum. — , QUEENSLAND. Eremophila 

 Mitchelli. — , RED. Adenantherapavonina; 

 also Pterocarpus Santalinus. — , WHITE. 

 Santalum album. — , YELLOW. Santalum 

 Freycinetianum. 



SANDALWORTS. Lindley's name for 

 the Santalacem. 



SANDARACH. A white resin not unlike 

 mastic, but brittle, occurring in round or 

 long tears, and obtained from Callitris 

 quadrivalvis. 



SANDBOX-TREE. A local West Indian 

 name for Hura crepitans, the seeds of 

 which are a drastic purgative, and contain 

 a very limpid oil. 



SANDERS-WOOD. An old name for 

 Sandalwood. — , RED. The red Indian 

 dyewood, obtained from Pterocarpus San- 

 talinus. — , YELLOW. Bucida capitata. 



SANDORICUM indicum is the sole re- 

 presentative of a genus of Meliacem, found 

 in the Philippine Islands, the Moluccas, 

 and the East Indies, and having an arbo- 

 reous stem, trifoliolated leaves, axillary 

 paniculate flowers, a short five-toothed 

 calyx, five linear petals, ten stamens com- 



