1015 



Clje CrraStirg at SSntann. 



[SANS 



bined into a tube, a stigma divided into 

 five lobes, and an apple-like berry contain- 

 ing five one-seeded nuts. Properties sinn- 

 | lar to those of Melia are attributed to the 

 root, but the latter has a repulsive odour, 

 I whilst Sandoricum is aromatic; it is era- 

 ! ployed against leucorrhoea, combined with 

 the" bark of the root of Carapa obovata, 

 which is bitter and astringent. [B. SJ 



SANDPAPER-TREE. Curatella amerir 

 cana. 



SANDWEED. Arenaria. 



SAXDWOOD. Bremontiera Ammoxylon. 



SANDWORT. Arenaria. — , SEA. A 

 common name for Honkenya. — , SPUR- 

 RET. Spergularia. 



SANFORDIA. A genus proposed by 

 J. Drummond for a rutaceous shrub from 

 Western Australia, allied to Correa. It 

 has proved to be the same as Geleznovia 

 previously published by Turczaninow. 



SANG-DE-DRAGON. (Fr.) Draccena 

 Draco ; also Rumex sanguineus. 

 SANGSORBE. (Fr.) Sanguisorba. 



SANGUINAIRE. (Fr.) Geranium san- 

 guineum. — DALLEMAGNE. Scleranthus. 



SANGUINARIA. The Blood root or 

 Puccoon, S. canadensis, commonly found 

 throughout the United States and Canada, 

 is the sole representative of this genus of 

 Papaveracew. It is an herbaceous plant 

 about six inches high, and lias a thick 

 branching rootstock, which creeps along 

 underground : and in early spring sends 

 up from the ends of each of the little side- 

 branches a single long-stalked leaf, and 

 another stalk bearing a solitary flower. 

 The leaf is wrapped round the flower-bud 

 when it rises out of the ground, and is 

 bluntly five to nine-lobed, roundish at first, 

 but afterwards kidney-shaped. The flowers 

 are large and conspicuous, and have two 

 sepals, from eight to twelve white petals 

 overlapping in tw r o or three series, about 

 twenty-four stamens with filaments shorter 

 than the petals, and a short style with a 

 broad two-lobed furrowed stigma. The 

 fruit is an oblong pod-shaped two-valved 

 capsule, containing numerous crested seeds 

 attached to the frame or replum. The root 

 has long been known to possess active 

 medicinal properties, and various prepara- 

 tions of it are commonly prescribed by 

 I American doctors; but it has only recently 

 come into use in this country, and that 

 i chiefly among the class of practitioners 

 ! styling themselves 'eclectics.' Its princi- 

 I pal use appears to be as an expectorant in 

 j diseases of the chest, or, in larger doses, 

 I as an emetic ; and it would seem to owe 

 its properties to the presence of an acrid 

 I alkaloid called sanguinarina. The Ameri- 

 | can Indians formerly used the orange- 

 I coloured juice of the root for smearing 

 their bodies, and for staining various do- 

 mestic articles. The plant has also been 

 successfully employed by American and 

 French dyers. [A. S.j 



SANGUINARY. Achillea millefolium. 



SANGUINE, SANGUINEUS. Eull red 

 passing into brownish-black. 



SANGUINIERE. (Fr.) Sanguinaria. 



SANGUISORBACE^E. A small order 

 which most botanists consider as a tribe 

 of Rosacece, distinguished from Rosea? pro- 

 per by the want of petals, and the solitary 

 carpels. See Rosacea. 



SANGUISORBA. A genus of herbaceous 

 plants giving name to the tribe Sanguisor- 

 bece of the order Rosacece. The genus is 

 characterised by bearing its flowers, which 

 contain both stamens and pistils, in heads 

 or simple spikes; by the calyx of each flower 

 being four-cleft, with two to three small 

 bracts at its base ; by the absence of petals, 

 and by the presence of four stamens. S. 

 officinalis, or Burnet, received its name 

 from its supposed vulnerary properties. 

 It is a slender plant one to three feet 

 high, with pinnate smooth leaves, and ter- 

 minal ovate heads of crowded dark-purple 

 flowers. It grows in moist pastures and by 

 watercourses, chiefly on a calcareous or 

 magnesian soil, and is most frequent in the 

 North of England and the extreme West. 

 There are several other species, some of 

 which are occasionally to be seen in gar- 

 dens, especially »S'. canadensis, which in 

 habit resembles the Common Burnet, but 

 bears its flowers, rendered conspicuous by 

 their white anthers, in long cylindrical 

 spikes. French: La grande pimprenelle des 

 pres ; German : Wiesenknopf. [C. A. J.] 



SANICLE. Sanicula. — , BEAIt'S-EAR. 

 Cortusa Jlatthioli. —, COMMON. Sanicula 

 europcea. 



SANICLE. (Fr.) Sanicula; also Pru- 

 nella. — BATARDE DAMERIQUE. Mi- 

 lella. — FEMELLE. Astrantia. — DE 

 MONTAGNE. Geum. 



SANICULA. A small genus of umbel- 

 liferous plants represented in Britain by 

 S. europcea, the Wood Sanicle, an herba- 

 ceous plant two to three feet high, frequent 

 in thickets and woods. The root-leaves 

 are pal mate, with three-cleft serrated lobes, 

 smooth and somewhat glossy ; the minute 

 whitish flowers grow in heads rather than 

 umbels ; the fruit is ovate and densely 

 clothed with thick prickles, by means of 

 which they attach themselves when ripe 

 to the hair or wool of animals, and to the 

 clothes of persons passing through woods 

 where the plant is abundant. French; 

 Sanicle ; German : Sanickel. [C. A. J.] 



SANSEVIELLA. A name formerly ap- 

 plied to the plant now called Reineckia car- 

 nea, the Sansevitra carnea of some writers. 



SANSEVIERA. The Bowstring Hemps, 

 —as the plants belonging to this genus of 

 L'diacece are called, from the fibres of their 

 leaves being used for bowstrings by the 

 natives of the countries where they are 

 indigenous— are stemless perennial plants, 

 throwing out runners, and having only I 

 root-leaves which are thick fibrous and , 

 : i 



